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Who Is Vincent Chin? The History and Relevance of a 1982 Killing

On June 19, 1982, Vincent Chin, a Chinese-American man, was beaten to death in Detroit, Michigan, by two men frustrated with the U.S. auto industry's troubles.
Vincent Chin was 27-year-old when he was beaten with a baseball bat in Detroit. He would later die from his injuries.
Vincent Chin was 27-year-old when he was beaten with a baseball bat in Detroit. He would later die from his injuries.Courtesy of American Citizens of Justice

Although the death of Vincent Chin has become a staple of Asian-American studies courses taught across the country, there are still many — Asian Americans and others — who do not know about what happened the night Chin was beaten or understand its continued significance for the Asian American community.

Vincent Chin
Vincent Chin was 27 years old when he was beaten to death with a baseball bat in Detroit, Michigan, June 19, 1982.Courtesy of American Citizens of Justice

On June 19, 1982, 27-year-old Chin, a Chinese-American man, was celebrating with friends at his bachelor party in Detroit, Michigan, when he encountered two white autoworkers, Ronald Ebens and Michael Nitz.

In the '80s, the U.S. auto industry faced growing troubles as the recession impacted jobs across the country, resulting in rising unemployment among autoworkers. At the same time, the presence of Japanese auto manufacturers was growing in the U.S.

According to witnesses, Ebens allegedly said to Chin, "It's because of you little m—f—s that we're out of work," which led to a fight.

RELATED: Voices: Who Is Vincent Chin?

After they were thrown out of the club, the fight continued in the parking lot, after which Ebens and Nitz searched the neighborhood for Chin and his friends. Outside of a McDonald's, Nitz held Chin while Ebens repeatedly struck Chin in the head with a baseball bat.

Four days later, on June 23, 1982, Chin died.

Following a plea bargain to reduce the second-degree murder charge, Ebens and Nitz were convicted of manslaughter. The two were sentenced by Judge Charles Kaufman to three years probation and ordered to pay a $3,000 fine. Two civil rights trials and a civil suit followed, but neither Ebens nor Nitz spent a day in jail.

"These weren't the kind of men you send to jail," Kaufman said in a letter responding to protests from American Citizens for Justice, a Detroit-based nonprofit civil rights organization that formed in the wake of Chin's death.

In 2015, journalist and activist Helen Zia, executor of the Chin estate and co-founder of American Citizens for Justice, told NBC News that Ebens, now 76, owes the Chin estate more than $8 million.

“People forget. It’s been a long time ago. A whole generation has passed. It’s ancient history to them," Zia said.

RELATED: Judge Rules Against Man Responsible for Vincent Chin’s Death, Lien on Nevada Home Stays

"The Vincent Chin case [serves] as a wakeup call to address anti-Asian bias and racial intolerance.”

Chin's death brought Asian Americans together across ethnic lines to form multiethnic and multiracial alliances, to organize for civil rights, and to advocate for change.

“The Vincent Chin case forced Asian Americans into the civil rights discourse,” Roland Hwang co-founder and former president of American Citizens for Justice told NBC News. “The Vincent Chin case transformed a biracial discussion on race relations to be a multiracial one. So the Vincent Chin case, along with other cases, each serve as a wakeup call to address anti-Asian bias and racial intolerance.”

NBC News has put together a collection of films and articles for those who would like to learn more about Chin and the national impact of his death:

Where to Begin

“Who Killed Vincent Chin?” - documentary film by Christine Choy and Rene Tajima

  • The 1989 Academy Award-nominated documentary “Who Killed Vincent Chin?” offers the easiest entry point to the Vincent Chin case, with contemporaneous interviews with Chin’s mother Lily; his killers, Ronald Ebens and Michael Nitz; Judge Charles Kaufman, who sentenced Ebens and Nitz, but did not jail them; witnesses, friends, and the activists who fought for justice for Chin.

"Asian American Dreams: The Emergence of an American People," by Helen Zia

  • The first chapter of Helen Zia’s 2001 book discusses the Vincent Chin case, how the activists worked to bring Chin’s killers to justice, and how the story went from local to national and became a story about civil rights and race. Zia is one of the founding members of American Citizens for Justice.

Significance of the Case

"Why Vincent Chin Matters,” by Frank H. Wu (New York Times, June 22, 2012)

  • Frank H. Wu, former chancellor and dean of UC Hastings College of the Law, grew up in the Detroit area. "The Chin case showed the power of the saying 'You all look the same,' Wu wrote for the New York Times on the 30th anniversary of Chin's killing. "...history also teaches us that before Asian-Americans were seen as model minorities, we were also perpetual foreigners. Taken together, these perceptions can lead to resentment. And resentment can lead to hate."

"30 years later: Stewart Kwoh recalls Vincent Chin case" – Asian Americans Advancing Justice | Los Angeles (June 2012)

  • Recollections by Stewart Kwoh, co-founder of the Asian Pacific American Legal Center (APALC), about his organization’s role in the case and about Vincent Chin’s mother, Lily. “She said, 'Stewart, there’s nothing I can do to bring back Vincent, but I don’t want any other mother to go through what I’ve gone through,'" Kwoh recalled. "I was so touched about what she said. Vincent was her only child. He was all she had."

"Killing Spawned Asian American Civil Rights Movement: 34th Milestone to Highlight Vincent Chin Case,” by Roland Hwang (Michigan Bar Journal, May 2009)

  • In 2009, the State Bar of Michigan named the Vincent Chin case a Michigan legal milestone for the way it mobilized the Asian-American community for civil rights activism, and for victims' rights movements in Michigan. A commemorative plaque was installed in Ferndale, Michigan, outside the former location of the Golden Star restaurant where Chin worked part-time as a waiter and where American Citizens for Justice met to organize after his death.

Legacy of the Case

“Vincent Who?” – documentary film by Curtis Chin

  • “Vincent Who?” looks at the legacy of the Vincent Chin case and interviews key activists involved in the case as well as the next generation of Asian-American activists whose lives have been changed by the case. The 2009 film also looks at the case against the larger narrative of Asian-American history, with discussion of the Chinese Exclusion Act, the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, the 1992 L.A. Riots, recent anti-Asian hate crimes, and post-9/11 racial profiling.

"Detroit and the Legacy of Vincent Chin,” by Scott Kurashige (Solidarity, June 2002)

  • Essay by history professor Scott Kurashige, currently at University of Washington Bothell, about the lessons of the Vincent Chin case in the context of Asian American and Detroit history.

"Vincent Chin: 30 Years Later,” by Bao Phi (StarTribune.com, June 18, 2012)

  • Essay by award-winning spoken word poet and community activist Bao Phi reflects on the significance of the Vincent Chin case and how justice has been meted out in other similar cases involving Asian Americans. He also interviews other community activists and writers about the importance of the Vincent Chin case today.

"In Search of Justice: Another Way to Remember Vincent Chin," by Cayden Mak (18MillionRising.org, June 2014)

  • Essay by Cayden Mak, currently Executive Director of Asian American civic engagement organization 18 Million Rising, about the implications of the Vincent Chin case for restorative and transformative justice and larger communities of color.

CORRECTION (June 15, 2017, 12:00 p.m.): An earlier version of this article misstated the charges filed against Ebens and Nitz. They were charged with second-degree murder, not second-degree manslaughter. (The two later pleaded guilty to manslaughter.)

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