A timeline of recent violence between Israelis and Palestinians

Around midnight Tuesday, Israeli forces raided one of Islam’s holiest sites, al-Aqsa Mosque, after prayers. Videos showed Israeli troops beating people inside the mosque with batons. About 350 Palestinians were arrested, and more than 30 Palestinians and two Israeli officers were injured.

Police said they carried out the raid after a group of worshipers locked themselves inside the building and threw rocks and firecrackers at them as they entered the prayer hall. It’s Ramadan, and Muslims often stay in mosques to pray late into the night.

The raid prompted early-morning rocket strikes from the Gaza Strip. Israel then conducted retaliatory airstrikes on the strip.

On Wednesday night, Israeli police raided the mosque compound again, using stun grenades and batons to disperse hundreds of worshipers gathering for nightly Ramadan Taraweeh prayers.

More than 30 rockets were launched from southern Lebanon into northern Israel. Israel’s air defense system intercepted most of them, and no group asserted responsibility for the assault. The Lebanese government condemned the attack, one of the largest since the two countries fought a war in 2006.

Rockets from Gaza were also fired into Israel.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed firm retaliation.

“We will cripple our enemies, and they will pay a price for every act of aggression,” he said Thursday.

In the early morning, Israel launched airstrikes on Lebanon and the Gaza Strip, saying it was targeting the “terrorist infrastructure” of Hamas, the militant group that controls Gaza. The Lebanese government called the strikes “a blatant violation of Lebanon’s sovereignty.”

After the strikes, two Israeli sisters were killed in a shooting in the West Bank. Another attack took place in Tel Aviv. A car rammed into a crowd, running over multiple people, according to Israeli police. One person was killed. Hamas celebrated both attacks but did not claim responsibility for them.

The recent escalations were preceded by almost-daily violence in the West Bank in the past year.

Israeli forces killed at least 146 Palestinians in the West Bank and East Jerusalem in 2022, the deadliest year since the United Nations began recording fatalities in 2005. This year is on track to be even deadlier, with at least 80 Palestinians killed in the West Bank and Jerusalem, according to the Palestinian Health Ministry of Health, as Israel’s new far-right government, which came to power late last year, has intensified operations against Palestinian militants. As the raids have increased, so have Palestinian attacks on Israelis. At least 14 Israelis have been killed since the start of the year.

Israeli forces conducted a raid on a refugee camp in the West Bank city of Jenin that left 10 dead, including an unarmed 61-year-old woman.

Nineteen others were wounded in the hours-long gun battle.

One day later, a Palestinian gunman opened fire outside an East Jerusalem synagogue, killing seven people after Friday night prayers. The shooter was killed at the scene.

Mushir al-Masri, a politician with Hamas, hailed the shooting as a “quick response to the Jenin massacre” and “evidence of the vitality and readiness of the resistance.”

The next day, a 13-year-old Palestinian shot and injured two Israelis in Maalot Ir David, an Israeli settlement in East Jerusalem.

Just over one week later, Israeli forces raided Jericho, killing five Palestinian men, two of whom the army said were caught planning an attack on a Jewish-run restaurants. Protests broke out in the usually peaceful town known for its farmland and Christian pilgrimage sites.

An Israeli raid in Nablus killed a 17-year-old Palestinian. The army said the teen had fired on Israeli forces.

A Palestinian driver rammed a car into a crowd waiting at a Jerusalem bus stop, killing three, including two young children.

A shootout in Nablus left a Palestinian man dead. In East Jerusalem, an Israeli police officer was accosted by a knife-wielding Palestinian. A security guard opened fire to try to stop the Palestinian man but instead shot the stabbed officer, who later died of his wounds, police said.

During a raid on a refugee camp near the West Bank city of Tubas, Israeli forces shot and killed a Palestinian teenager.

A massive raid in Nablus left at least 11 Palestinians dead and more than 100 wounded. Two Israeli soldiers were also injured, according to the Israel Defense Forces.

As Israeli and Palestinian leaders were meeting in Jordan, a Palestinian man opened fire at a traffic junction in the West Bank town of Huwara, killing two brothers.

Hours later, dozens of Israeli settlers rampaged through Palestinian towns, lighting cars and homes on fire and killing one man.

The next day, hundreds more Israeli troops were sent to the West Bank.

Israeli settlers in hoods carrying rocks and an ax attacked a Palestinian family of five in Huwara late at night. One person was hospitalized.

At least six Palestinians were killed in an Israeli military raid in Jenin.

The Israeli military said one of the men killed was believed to have fatally shot the two Israeli brothers at a traffic junction on Feb. 26.

An Israeli raid in the West Bank village of Jaba left three Palestinian militants dead, according to security forces. Hours later, a Palestinian man opened fire in Tel Aviv, wounding three people before he was killed at the scene.

A drive-by shooting carried out by Palestinian militants wounded two Israeli soldiers in Huwara. The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine asserted responsibility for the attack.

Israeli police shot and killed a 26-year-old man outside the gates of al-Aqsa Mosque. Palestinians said he was trying to prevent police from harassing a woman. Police said he tried to take a gun from an officer.

An Israeli raid in Nablus left two Palestinian men dead.

Louisa Loveluck, Sarah Dadouch, Niha Masih, Miriam Berger, Shira Rubin, William Booth, Fatima Abdul Karim, Sufian Taha and Loveday Morris contributed to this report.