Michigan Cross-Tabs: October 2023 Times/Siena Poll

Nov. 5, 2023

Responses from a survey of 616 voters in Michigan conducted by The New York Times and Siena College from Oct. 22 to Nov. 2, 2023.

(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Do you think the United States is on the right track, or is it headed in the wrong direction? [IF NEEDED: Based on anything you may have seen or heard, if you had to pick, would you say right track or wrong direction?]
Thinking ahead to next year’s presidential general election, are you almost certain that you will vote, very likely to vote, somewhat likely to vote, not very likely to vote, or not at all likely to vote?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Almost certain	51%	54%	49%	35%	45%	59%	56%	55%	44%	40%	64%	46%	64%	51%	48%	50%	53%	55%	48%	42%	54%	59%	61%	46%	33%	65%	52%	45%	60%	50%	65%	60%	11%
Very likely	27%	28%	26%	30%	29%	25%	29%	28%	19%	32%	27%	28%	27%	29%	20%	27%	23%	33%	34%	23%	30%	29%	26%	29%	23%	29%	33%	24%	27%	27%	27%	28%	26%
Somewhat likely	10%	8%	11%	18%	13%	6%	8%	7%	20%	14%	5%	12%	5%	8%	13%	11%	10%	3%	14%	14%	8%	6%	7%	12%	16%	3%	8%	13%	6%	11%	4%	7%	21%
Not very likely	3%	3%	2%	8%	2%	1%	1%	3%	2%	2%	<1%	4%	<1%	4%	4%	4%	1%	3%	0%	6%	2%	<1%	3%	2%	3%	<1%	<1%	6%	2%	2%	1%	0%	11%
Not at all likely	7%	5%	9%	7%	9%	8%	5%	5%	15%	12%	3%	9%	2%	6%	14%	7%	10%	4%	3%	12%	4%	5%	2%	9%	23%	2%	2%	11%	4%	7%	2%	3%	26%
[VOL] Already voted	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	1%	2%	2%	3%	2%	<.5%	2%	0%	0%	<1%	2%	<1%	3%	0%	<1%	3%	<1%	2%	3%	1%	0%	0%	3%	2%	0%	4%	1%	0%	2%	0%	1%	5%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

(Includes leaners) Thinking about the upcoming presidential election in 2024, if the election were held today, who would you vote for if the candidates were Joe Biden, the Democrat, and Donald Trump, the Republican? FOLLOW UP: Are you definitely or probably voting for them? [IF NEEDED: If you had to decide today...]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden	43%	35%	51%	47%	37%	44%	45%	39%	69%	42%	56%	38%	55%	32%	72%	48%	39%	33%	41%	46%	39%	47%	100%	0%	0%	93%	6%	42%	90%	7%	90%	1%	28%
Donald Trump	48%	58%	39%	47%	51%	51%	44%	54%	17%	51%	34%	54%	36%	61%	26%	40%	51%	63%	53%	44%	53%	45%	0%	100%	0%	4%	90%	47%	6%	87%	6%	94%	55%
[VOL] Another candidate	2%	2%	3%	2%	2%	1%	5%	3%	<1%	0%	3%	2%	3%	3%	0%	3%	3%	3%	0%	3%	3%	1%	0%	0%	26%	<.5%	1%	5%	<.5%	2%	<1%	2%	2%
[VOL] Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices	4%	2%	6%	2%	5%	3%	4%	3%	9%	2%	4%	3%	3%	2%	3%	4%	5%	<1%	4%	5%	4%	3%	0%	0%	44%	2%	2%	3%	1%	3%	2%	<1%	11%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	3%	4%	1%	2%	5%	<.5%	3%	2%	5%	5%	2%	2%	2%	2%	0%	6%	2%	0%	1%	3%	2%	3%	0%	0%	30%	1%	1%	3%	2%	2%	2%	2%	4%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

(Without leaners) Thinking about the upcoming presidential election in 2024, if the election were held today, who would you vote for if the candidates were Joe Biden, the Democrat, and Donald Trump, the Republican? FOLLOW UP: Are you definitely or probably voting for them? [IF NEEDED: If you had to decide today...]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Definitely Joe Biden	31%	24%	37%	28%	23%	33%	37%	30%	46%	20%	42%	26%	43%	25%	50%	34%	28%	23%	28%	34%	28%	34%	71%	0%	0%	81%	1%	25%	72%	1%	70%	<.5%	13%
Probably Joe Biden	8%	9%	7%	14%	8%	8%	3%	5%	18%	15%	10%	7%	7%	4%	19%	9%	7%	1%	11%	7%	7%	10%	19%	0%	0%	6%	3%	13%	12%	3%	13%	<1%	9%
Probably Donald Trump	8%	7%	10%	17%	8%	5%	8%	7%	6%	12%	7%	9%	7%	8%	8%	6%	7%	13%	12%	11%	9%	6%	0%	17%	0%	3%	14%	7%	2%	13%	2%	14%	13%
Definitely Donald Trump	34%	43%	25%	23%	36%	39%	34%	39%	11%	36%	22%	39%	24%	45%	18%	26%	38%	47%	37%	27%	37%	33%	0%	71%	0%	2%	68%	31%	2%	64%	3%	73%	29%
[VOL] Another candidate	5%	4%	6%	5%	4%	5%	7%	6%	3%	<1%	5%	5%	6%	7%	3%	5%	6%	7%	3%	6%	7%	4%	4%	3%	26%	3%	5%	6%	4%	5%	5%	4%	3%
[VOL] Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices	7%	6%	8%	5%	11%	7%	5%	7%	10%	3%	9%	6%	9%	6%	3%	10%	7%	5%	5%	9%	6%	6%	2%	5%	44%	2%	4%	10%	2%	7%	3%	4%	20%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	7%	7%	7%	7%	9%	5%	6%	6%	6%	14%	4%	7%	4%	6%	0%	10%	7%	4%	4%	7%	6%	6%	4%	5%	30%	3%	6%	8%	5%	6%	5%	5%	12%
NET Biden	39%	33%	44%	43%	31%	41%	40%	35%	65%	35%	52%	34%	50%	28%	69%	43%	35%	25%	39%	40%	35%	45%	90%	0%	0%	87%	4%	38%	84%	5%	83%	1%	23%
NET Trump	42%	50%	35%	40%	44%	43%	42%	46%	17%	48%	29%	48%	31%	53%	26%	32%	45%	60%	49%	38%	46%	39%	0%	88%	0%	4%	82%	38%	4%	77%	5%	86%	42%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

(If not supporting Trump or Biden) If you had to decide between the two today, would you lean more toward:
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden, the Democrat	23%	10%	33%	25%	22%	23%	27%	21%	22%	45%	25%	23%	27%	17%	52%	18%	16%	54%	23%	26%	20%	16%	100%	0%	0%	64%	12%	20%	53%	12%	59%	2%	15%
Donald Trump, the Republican	31%	44%	20%	43%	31%	47%	9%	41%	0%	15%	24%	35%	28%	47%	0%	32%	34%	21%	36%	27%	37%	36%	0%	100%	0%	0%	60%	35%	10%	52%	6%	61%	36%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	46%	46%	47%	31%	47%	30%	64%	39%	78%	40%	52%	42%	45%	36%	48%	50%	50%	25%	41%	47%	43%	48%	0%	0%	100%	36%	29%	45%	37%	36%	34%	37%	49%
Number of respondents	122	55	64	20	36	36	26	86	16	14	50	70	36	50	2	49	44	16	11	40	33	40	27	36	59	13	28	54	32	56	34	29	41
Percent of total electorate	100%	44%	54%	16%	31%	26%	24%	71%	12%	13%	30%	68%	23%	48%	2%	43%	34%	13%	9%	35%	27%	30%	23%	31%	46%	11%	20%	47%	25%	46%	26%	23%	37%

(If not supporting Biden) Would you say there’s some chance you will support Joe Biden or not really any chance?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Some chance	6%	6%	6%	11%	7%	2%	6%	4%	8%	9%	4%	6%	3%	5%	5%	7%	7%	2%	4%	5%	8%	5%	0%	7%	25%	3%	4%	8%	4%	6%	4%	3%	12%
Not really any chance	49%	58%	42%	41%	56%	53%	46%	55%	22%	47%	39%	54%	41%	61%	21%	42%	54%	63%	53%	48%	51%	46%	0%	91%	63%	4%	88%	48%	5%	86%	5%	94%	60%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	2%	1%	1%	<1%	<1%	3%	2%	2%	1%	<.5%	2%	0%	2%	3%	3%	<.5%	2%	1%	1%	2%	2%	0%	1%	12%	<1%	2%	2%	<1%	1%	<.5%	1%	<1%
[PREVIOUSLY] Joe Biden	43%	35%	51%	47%	37%	44%	45%	39%	69%	42%	56%	38%	55%	32%	72%	48%	39%	33%	41%	46%	39%	47%	100%	0%	0%	93%	6%	42%	90%	7%	90%	1%	28%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

(If not supporting Trump) Would you say there’s some chance you will support Donald Trump or not really any chance?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Some chance	5%	7%	3%	2%	10%	4%	3%	2%	11%	9%	7%	4%	6%	<.5%	12%	4%	5%	2%	5%	3%	2%	8%	7%	<.5%	19%	3%	3%	7%	4%	5%	5%	4%	6%
Not really any chance	46%	35%	57%	50%	38%	45%	53%	43%	70%	41%	58%	42%	57%	37%	62%	54%	43%	36%	41%	53%	44%	46%	93%	0%	70%	91%	7%	45%	89%	8%	89%	3%	38%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	1%	1%	<1%	1%	1%	<1%	<.5%	<1%	3%	0%	1%	<1%	<.5%	<1%	0%	2%	<1%	0%	<1%	<.5%	<1%	2%	<.5%	0%	11%	1%	0%	1%	1%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%
[PREVIOUSLY] Donald Trump	48%	58%	39%	47%	51%	51%	44%	54%	17%	50%	34%	54%	36%	61%	26%	40%	51%	62%	53%	44%	53%	45%	0%	100%	0%	4%	90%	47%	6%	86%	6%	94%	55%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

(Recoded to age) In what year were you born?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
18-29	17%	15%	19%	100%	0%	0%	0%	16%	15%	28%	14%	19%	14%	17%	18%	19%	17%	12%	19%	22%	15%	14%	19%	17%	11%	17%	13%	19%	19%	15%	15%	8%	38%
30-44	24%	26%	22%	0%	100%	0%	0%	22%	25%	31%	31%	21%	32%	18%	26%	25%	20%	26%	26%	19%	24%	31%	20%	25%	32%	19%	21%	24%	21%	24%	23%	23%	30%
45-64	31%	30%	34%	0%	0%	100%	0%	31%	36%	23%	31%	32%	30%	33%	48%	28%	33%	31%	29%	27%	35%	35%	32%	33%	17%	28%	31%	39%	30%	35%	31%	37%	22%
65+	25%	28%	22%	0%	0%	0%	100%	29%	20%	15%	22%	27%	22%	31%	8%	24%	28%	29%	26%	30%	25%	17%	26%	23%	33%	33%	32%	17%	27%	24%	29%	29%	10%
Refused	2%	1%	3%	0%	0%	0%	0%	2%	4%	3%	2%	2%	2%	1%	0%	3%	3%	2%	0%	2%	1%	3%	2%	1%	8%	3%	3%	1%	3%	2%	2%	3%	0%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

What is the highest educational level that you have completed? [READ LIST]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Grade school	2%	3%	1%	3%	3%	0%	3%	<1%	2%	8%	0%	3%	0%	1%	0%	4%	<1%	2%	2%	3%	<1%	3%	2%	2%	3%	3%	2%	<1%	2%	2%	4%	1%	2%
High school	33%	33%	34%	47%	23%	31%	37%	34%	33%	36%	0%	49%	0%	50%	41%	28%	38%	34%	31%	49%	30%	18%	28%	41%	15%	23%	37%	35%	27%	38%	22%	35%	49%
Vocational or trade school	5%	4%	5%	4%	7%	4%	4%	4%	2%	11%	0%	7%	0%	6%	5%	3%	5%	4%	9%	7%	6%	2%	4%	6%	1%	2%	7%	6%	3%	6%	3%	6%	5%
Some college, no degree	19%	19%	18%	15%	21%	20%	18%	19%	18%	15%	0%	27%	0%	28%	20%	20%	19%	21%	11%	22%	20%	16%	17%	17%	33%	20%	17%	16%	17%	17%	18%	17%	23%
Associate’s degree	10%	9%	11%	7%	5%	15%	10%	9%	18%	5%	0%	15%	0%	14%	16%	8%	10%	14%	7%	8%	15%	9%	9%	11%	10%	10%	11%	11%	10%	11%	9%	12%	8%
Bachelor's degree	19%	19%	20%	21%	28%	18%	13%	21%	17%	13%	63%	0%	65%	0%	9%	21%	18%	17%	28%	9%	19%	32%	24%	15%	21%	25%	16%	20%	25%	16%	27%	19%	9%
Graduate or professional degree	11%	12%	11%	3%	13%	13%	13%	11%	8%	12%	37%	0%	35%	0%	9%	16%	9%	8%	9%	3%	10%	19%	16%	7%	13%	17%	7%	10%	16%	8%	17%	8%	4%
[VOL] Refused	<1%	1%	<.5%	0%	0%	<.5%	2%	<1%	2%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	1%	<.5%	0%	3%	0%	0%	1%	0%	1%	4%	<1%	2%	0%	<1%	1%	0%	2%	<1%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

If Joe Biden were not the Democratic nominee, do you think you would: [READ LIST]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Definitely vote for the Democratic candidate	31%	24%	38%	26%	27%	34%	37%	30%	47%	24%	40%	28%	42%	25%	42%	33%	30%	28%	26%	33%	26%	36%	67%	3%	12%	76%	1%	26%	68%	2%	67%	<1%	15%
Probably vote for the Democratic candidate	17%	14%	18%	29%	19%	12%	12%	14%	23%	20%	21%	15%	20%	12%	19%	18%	18%	9%	19%	19%	18%	15%	27%	6%	22%	18%	7%	24%	24%	9%	23%	6%	19%
Probably vote for Donald Trump, the Republican	13%	16%	11%	17%	19%	13%	5%	13%	12%	17%	12%	14%	13%	13%	17%	13%	14%	17%	9%	14%	12%	17%	1%	25%	7%	<1%	25%	14%	<1%	26%	2%	23%	22%
Definitely vote for Donald Trump, the Republican	28%	35%	22%	17%	26%	31%	35%	32%	5%	29%	17%	33%	17%	39%	14%	22%	26%	40%	40%	24%	31%	24%	0%	58%	1%	<.5%	59%	24%	<1%	52%	2%	62%	22%
[VOL] Another candidate	2%	2%	2%	2%	2%	3%	1%	2%	2%	3%	2%	2%	1%	2%	5%	2%	2%	4%	<1%	3%	4%	0%	1%	2%	5%	2%	3%	1%	2%	2%	1%	2%	4%
[VOL] Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices	3%	2%	4%	<1%	2%	2%	4%	2%	4%	1%	3%	2%	2%	2%	3%	3%	3%	<1%	2%	2%	4%	2%	<1%	<.5%	24%	0%	2%	2%	<1%	2%	2%	1%	5%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	6%	7%	5%	9%	5%	5%	5%	6%	7%	5%	6%	6%	4%	7%	0%	9%	7%	2%	3%	6%	6%	6%	3%	5%	28%	2%	3%	9%	4%	6%	2%	4%	13%
NET Democratic candidate	48%	38%	57%	55%	46%	45%	49%	44%	69%	44%	61%	43%	62%	36%	61%	51%	48%	37%	46%	51%	44%	51%	94%	9%	34%	94%	8%	50%	92%	12%	90%	7%	34%
NET Trump	41%	51%	33%	34%	45%	44%	41%	46%	17%	46%	29%	47%	31%	52%	31%	35%	40%	57%	48%	38%	43%	41%	1%	84%	8%	1%	84%	38%	1%	78%	4%	85%	44%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

If Donald Trump were not the Republican nominee, do you think you would: [READ LIST]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Definitely vote for Joe Biden, the Democrat	21%	16%	26%	17%	16%	24%	27%	19%	41%	20%	23%	21%	22%	18%	48%	23%	19%	16%	19%	27%	17%	22%	48%	1%	0%	56%	<.5%	16%	48%	1%	45%	1%	13%
Probably vote for Joe Biden, the Democrat	15%	12%	17%	25%	15%	11%	11%	12%	23%	20%	19%	13%	20%	8%	28%	17%	15%	8%	9%	14%	19%	13%	28%	3%	12%	26%	<1%	17%	27%	3%	28%	<1%	16%
Probably vote for the Republican candidate	22%	23%	20%	32%	30%	18%	13%	22%	15%	25%	25%	20%	26%	20%	5%	23%	21%	23%	27%	17%	24%	27%	13%	30%	18%	6%	29%	25%	10%	33%	13%	29%	24%
Definitely vote for the Republican candidate	28%	36%	21%	15%	23%	34%	33%	33%	6%	22%	19%	31%	22%	38%	7%	23%	29%	38%	35%	21%	28%	28%	1%	54%	14%	2%	66%	21%	3%	53%	3%	62%	20%
[VOL] Another candidate	2%	2%	2%	1%	4%	<1%	2%	2%	<1%	2%	2%	2%	2%	1%	0%	1%	3%	3%	<1%	2%	1%	2%	1%	1%	6%	1%	0%	3%	2%	1%	2%	1%	2%
[VOL] Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices	4%	2%	5%	1%	4%	6%	2%	3%	6%	3%	4%	3%	3%	3%	5%	4%	5%	<1%	2%	6%	3%	2%	<.5%	3%	22%	<1%	<1%	6%	1%	4%	2%	2%	8%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	9%	8%	9%	8%	8%	7%	13%	9%	8%	8%	7%	9%	4%	11%	7%	10%	8%	11%	7%	13%	7%	5%	8%	7%	28%	8%	3%	13%	9%	5%	8%	4%	16%
NET Republican candidate	50%	60%	41%	47%	53%	52%	46%	55%	21%	47%	45%	52%	48%	59%	11%	46%	50%	61%	62%	37%	52%	55%	14%	85%	32%	8%	95%	45%	13%	86%	16%	91%	44%
NET Biden	36%	28%	43%	43%	32%	34%	38%	31%	63%	40%	42%	34%	42%	26%	76%	39%	34%	24%	28%	41%	36%	35%	77%	4%	12%	81%	1%	33%	76%	4%	73%	2%	30%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

And who would you vote for if the candidates were: [READ LIST] [IF NEEDED: If you had to decide today, are you leaning toward one candidate?]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden, the Democrat	42%	34%	49%	46%	38%	41%	44%	37%	71%	44%	53%	38%	53%	29%	77%	47%	39%	27%	38%	44%	39%	47%	86%	6%	22%	85%	4%	42%	85%	7%	84%	2%	32%
Ron DeSantis [Duh-San-Tis], the Republican	42%	51%	34%	38%	44%	46%	38%	46%	18%	42%	34%	46%	36%	52%	17%	38%	47%	52%	41%	33%	50%	42%	7%	75%	32%	5%	81%	41%	7%	75%	7%	82%	40%
[VOL] Another candidate	2%	3%	1%	<1%	4%	2%	2%	2%	3%	1%	3%	2%	2%	2%	3%	1%	3%	3%	2%	<.5%	4%	2%	<1%	3%	6%	<1%	3%	2%	<1%	3%	1%	3%	3%
[VOL] Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices	5%	4%	5%	5%	6%	4%	6%	6%	2%	3%	5%	5%	4%	7%	3%	5%	5%	7%	6%	9%	2%	3%	1%	6%	20%	2%	6%	6%	1%	6%	1%	5%	11%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	9%	8%	10%	10%	7%	7%	10%	9%	7%	9%	5%	10%	4%	10%	0%	9%	7%	11%	13%	13%	6%	5%	5%	10%	20%	8%	6%	10%	7%	9%	6%	7%	15%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

And who would you vote for if the candidates were: [READ LIST] [IF NEEDED: If you had to decide today, are you leaning toward one candidate?]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden, the Democrat	35%	29%	40%	38%	33%	30%	39%	30%	53%	39%	43%	31%	43%	24%	57%	41%	32%	20%	29%	37%	30%	38%	72%	4%	13%	79%	3%	28%	74%	5%	72%	<1%	26%
Nikki Haley, the Republican	45%	52%	39%	42%	44%	53%	40%	49%	27%	45%	40%	48%	42%	53%	33%	37%	49%	55%	52%	40%	51%	46%	18%	73%	30%	8%	80%	47%	13%	76%	17%	82%	42%
[VOL] Another candidate	2%	2%	1%	<1%	3%	1%	2%	2%	<1%	<1%	1%	2%	1%	3%	0%	1%	2%	3%	2%	<.5%	3%	1%	<.5%	3%	5%	0%	4%	1%	<1%	3%	<.5%	3%	4%
[VOL] Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices	5%	4%	6%	5%	7%	5%	6%	5%	7%	6%	5%	6%	3%	6%	4%	6%	5%	5%	5%	8%	5%	4%	<1%	7%	21%	3%	4%	6%	2%	6%	2%	6%	8%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	13%	13%	13%	15%	13%	11%	14%	13%	12%	10%	11%	13%	10%	14%	6%	13%	12%	16%	13%	15%	10%	11%	8%	14%	31%	10%	9%	17%	11%	11%	9%	9%	20%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

And who would you vote for if the candidates were: [READ LIST] [IF NEEDED: If you had to decide today, are you leaning toward one candidate?]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Kamala [COMMA-luh] Harris, the Democrat	45%	32%	57%	50%	44%	42%	46%	39%	73%	52%	55%	41%	53%	32%	77%	48%	43%	33%	40%	48%	44%	47%	90%	7%	28%	91%	7%	45%	88%	10%	88%	4%	34%
Donald Trump, the Republican	47%	59%	35%	40%	49%	51%	44%	53%	16%	45%	37%	51%	40%	59%	23%	40%	50%	59%	54%	40%	51%	46%	4%	90%	22%	3%	87%	46%	4%	85%	6%	94%	48%
[VOL] Another candidate	2%	4%	<1%	1%	<.5%	2%	5%	3%	<1%	0%	2%	2%	2%	4%	0%	4%	<1%	4%	0%	3%	2%	2%	2%	<1%	12%	0%	3%	4%	2%	3%	2%	2%	2%
[VOL] Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices	4%	3%	5%	7%	3%	3%	3%	3%	4%	3%	5%	3%	4%	3%	0%	4%	4%	3%	6%	4%	3%	4%	3%	<.5%	29%	3%	2%	2%	3%	2%	3%	<.5%	9%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	3%	2%	2%	3%	2%	2%	2%	6%	0%	1%	2%	1%	2%	0%	4%	2%	<1%	0%	4%	1%	1%	2%	1%	9%	2%	0%	2%	2%	<1%	1%	0%	7%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

Thinking again about the 2024 presidential election, who would you vote for if the candidates were: [READ LIST] [IF NEEDED: If you had to decide today, are you leaning toward one candidate?]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Joe Biden, the Democrat	31%	29%	34%	31%	26%	31%	36%	29%	52%	27%	43%	26%	43%	22%	59%	33%	31%	19%	28%	32%	28%	35%	69%	<.5%	10%	72%	2%	26%	68%	3%	68%	<.5%	17%
Donald Trump, the Republican	34%	44%	26%	27%	33%	38%	36%	38%	10%	37%	23%	39%	27%	43%	15%	28%	33%	45%	49%	29%	37%	32%	<.5%	70%	7%	<1%	73%	28%	1%	65%	3%	74%	34%
Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the independent	26%	22%	30%	34%	34%	22%	19%	25%	27%	34%	24%	27%	23%	26%	24%	29%	26%	30%	18%	30%	26%	25%	23%	24%	52%	20%	19%	36%	23%	25%	20%	21%	35%
[VOL] Another candidate	<1%	1%	<1%	0%	0%	2%	2%	<1%	3%	0%	2%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	2%	<1%	0%	1%	0%	1%	1%	<1%	0%	7%	<1%	1%	<1%	1%	<1%	1%	1%	<1%
[VOL] Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices	2%	1%	3%	4%	<.5%	3%	1%	2%	1%	<1%	2%	2%	1%	2%	0%	2%	3%	2%	1%	2%	2%	1%	<1%	2%	10%	<.5%	2%	2%	<.5%	2%	1%	1%	5%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	6%	4%	7%	4%	6%	5%	6%	5%	8%	2%	6%	5%	5%	6%	3%	7%	6%	5%	3%	7%	5%	5%	6%	4%	15%	5%	3%	7%	6%	5%	7%	2%	8%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president? FOLLOW UP: Is that strongly or somewhat?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Strongly approve	17%	14%	20%	8%	12%	20%	26%	17%	26%	14%	19%	16%	18%	16%	37%	15%	17%	12%	17%	16%	14%	23%	34%	5%	0%	44%	3%	12%	35%	5%	36%	3%	7%
Somewhat approve	22%	17%	26%	25%	20%	19%	23%	19%	35%	20%	29%	18%	30%	14%	25%	27%	20%	18%	15%	25%	23%	18%	42%	3%	25%	39%	3%	25%	40%	5%	41%	2%	20%
Somewhat disapprove	13%	11%	15%	29%	17%	9%	4%	11%	18%	18%	9%	15%	8%	13%	13%	13%	16%	8%	12%	16%	15%	10%	14%	10%	21%	9%	13%	12%	13%	12%	10%	6%	26%
Strongly disapprove	43%	52%	35%	35%	46%	49%	39%	48%	18%	45%	39%	45%	40%	50%	22%	38%	43%	57%	51%	36%	44%	44%	8%	76%	39%	6%	76%	45%	9%	74%	9%	84%	40%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	5%	6%	4%	4%	5%	4%	8%	5%	3%	3%	4%	6%	4%	6%	3%	8%	4%	4%	5%	7%	5%	5%	2%	6%	16%	2%	5%	7%	3%	4%	4%	4%	7%
NET Approve	39%	31%	46%	33%	32%	39%	48%	36%	61%	34%	48%	34%	48%	30%	62%	42%	37%	30%	33%	41%	36%	41%	76%	8%	25%	83%	6%	37%	75%	10%	76%	5%	27%
NET Disapprove	56%	63%	50%	63%	63%	58%	44%	59%	36%	63%	48%	60%	48%	63%	35%	50%	59%	66%	63%	52%	59%	54%	22%	86%	59%	15%	90%	57%	22%	86%	19%	90%	66%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

Tell me whether you have a very favorable, somewhat favorable, somewhat unfavorable or very unfavorable opinion of Donald Trump.
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very favorable	21%	28%	16%	10%	24%	25%	22%	25%	6%	20%	12%	26%	14%	30%	12%	17%	20%	32%	27%	18%	26%	20%	2%	42%	6%	4%	43%	18%	3%	38%	3%	48%	15%
Somewhat favorable	21%	25%	17%	25%	26%	19%	17%	21%	19%	26%	15%	24%	13%	24%	30%	17%	23%	23%	21%	20%	18%	22%	5%	39%	5%	3%	33%	23%	3%	37%	5%	35%	30%
Somewhat unfavorable	14%	14%	14%	22%	14%	14%	7%	13%	13%	16%	16%	13%	16%	11%	12%	16%	15%	11%	11%	17%	12%	13%	8%	15%	37%	10%	13%	17%	12%	14%	10%	12%	22%
Very unfavorable	41%	31%	50%	43%	32%	39%	51%	40%	57%	37%	55%	35%	56%	32%	46%	47%	39%	33%	40%	43%	41%	43%	85%	2%	39%	83%	9%	40%	82%	9%	81%	3%	28%
[VOL] Have not heard of	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	2%	3%	0%	4%	3%	2%	2%	4%	1%	1%	3%	1%	2%	0%	3%	3%	<1%	1%	2%	3%	2%	<1%	2%	13%	0%	2%	2%	<.5%	2%	<.5%	2%	5%
NET Favorable	43%	53%	33%	36%	50%	44%	40%	46%	25%	46%	27%	49%	27%	54%	42%	34%	43%	55%	48%	38%	44%	42%	6%	81%	11%	8%	76%	41%	7%	75%	8%	83%	45%
NET Unfavorable	55%	46%	64%	64%	47%	53%	58%	52%	71%	53%	71%	48%	72%	44%	58%	63%	54%	44%	51%	60%	54%	56%	93%	17%	76%	92%	22%	57%	93%	23%	91%	15%	49%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

Tell me whether you have a very favorable, somewhat favorable, somewhat unfavorable or very unfavorable opinion of Joe Biden.
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very favorable	15%	12%	17%	3%	9%	16%	28%	14%	20%	15%	15%	15%	16%	13%	27%	14%	17%	9%	12%	15%	11%	17%	32%	2%	3%	45%	2%	6%	33%	2%	34%	<1%	3%
Somewhat favorable	26%	20%	33%	31%	24%	26%	25%	22%	49%	23%	35%	22%	32%	18%	36%	32%	22%	18%	27%	30%	28%	24%	49%	6%	27%	38%	6%	32%	46%	8%	44%	2%	29%
Somewhat unfavorable	17%	16%	17%	31%	30%	8%	6%	16%	13%	24%	15%	18%	15%	16%	15%	16%	19%	16%	14%	18%	16%	17%	13%	18%	26%	12%	18%	20%	14%	18%	13%	11%	32%
Very unfavorable	39%	49%	29%	33%	35%	46%	37%	44%	13%	36%	32%	41%	35%	48%	19%	34%	38%	54%	44%	31%	41%	39%	4%	71%	31%	4%	72%	37%	6%	69%	5%	82%	31%
[VOL] Have not heard of	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	4%	3%	3%	2%	2%	4%	5%	4%	4%	1%	3%	4%	3%	5%	3%	4%	4%	3%	3%	6%	3%	2%	1%	4%	13%	2%	2%	5%	2%	2%	3%	3%	5%
NET Favorable	41%	32%	50%	33%	32%	42%	52%	36%	70%	38%	50%	37%	48%	31%	63%	46%	39%	27%	39%	45%	39%	41%	81%	7%	30%	83%	8%	38%	79%	10%	79%	3%	32%
NET Unfavorable	55%	65%	46%	64%	66%	54%	42%	60%	26%	61%	47%	59%	49%	64%	34%	50%	57%	71%	58%	49%	57%	56%	18%	89%	57%	16%	90%	57%	20%	88%	18%	94%	64%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

What types of issues are more important in deciding who to vote for in the upcoming 2024 election? [READ LIST] [IF NEEDED: If you had to choose one …]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Societal issues such as abortion, guns or democracy	28%	24%	33%	34%	25%	24%	35%	31%	21%	26%	37%	25%	39%	27%	12%	26%	32%	24%	37%	20%	28%	38%	42%	18%	15%	47%	24%	22%	43%	19%	44%	20%	14%
Economic issues such as jobs, taxes or the cost of living	56%	59%	54%	60%	62%	56%	48%	53%	63%	70%	51%	59%	49%	55%	76%	58%	52%	53%	55%	64%	55%	51%	44%	66%	64%	40%	62%	64%	44%	65%	43%	62%	71%
[VOL] Both equal	13%	14%	11%	6%	11%	17%	14%	14%	15%	3%	10%	13%	12%	15%	10%	12%	14%	20%	4%	14%	15%	8%	13%	13%	13%	12%	11%	11%	12%	12%	11%	14%	12%
[VOL] Neither	1%	<1%	1%	0%	2%	1%	1%	<1%	2%	<1%	2%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	<1%	1%	<1%	2%	1%	<.5%	2%	<1%	<1%	4%	<1%	1%	<1%	<1%	1%	<1%	1%	2%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	1%	3%	<.5%	<1%	<1%	1%	3%	2%	0%	<.5%	<1%	2%	<.5%	2%	2%	2%	<1%	2%	1%	<.5%	2%	2%	<.5%	2%	3%	0%	1%	2%	<.5%	2%	<.5%	3%	1%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

And when it comes to the November 2024 election, would you say you’re very enthusiastic about voting, somewhat enthusiastic about voting, not very enthusiastic about voting or not at all enthusiastic about voting?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very enthusiastic	38%	44%	33%	18%	30%	46%	49%	43%	22%	29%	41%	37%	43%	44%	25%	32%	44%	46%	33%	30%	38%	43%	40%	40%	16%	50%	48%	25%	40%	41%	44%	48%	12%
Somewhat enthusiastic	28%	26%	30%	29%	36%	22%	26%	26%	37%	27%	28%	27%	30%	25%	37%	25%	27%	26%	31%	28%	28%	28%	26%	31%	19%	23%	35%	27%	25%	32%	25%	28%	33%
Not very enthusiastic	19%	17%	20%	33%	19%	14%	16%	18%	19%	26%	17%	19%	15%	18%	16%	26%	12%	16%	22%	23%	18%	16%	24%	15%	19%	21%	10%	23%	24%	13%	21%	11%	24%
Not at all enthusiastic	15%	13%	17%	21%	14%	18%	9%	12%	22%	18%	13%	16%	12%	12%	22%	15%	16%	11%	13%	18%	16%	13%	10%	14%	44%	5%	7%	25%	11%	14%	10%	11%	31%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	<1%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<1%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<.5%	1%	0%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	1%	0%	<.5%	0%	<1%	3%	0%	0%	1%	0%	<1%	<.5%	1%	<1%
NET Enthusiastic	65%	69%	63%	47%	66%	68%	75%	69%	60%	56%	69%	64%	73%	69%	62%	58%	71%	72%	64%	57%	67%	71%	66%	70%	35%	74%	84%	51%	64%	73%	69%	77%	45%
NET Not enthusiastic	34%	30%	36%	53%	33%	32%	25%	30%	40%	44%	30%	35%	27%	30%	38%	42%	28%	27%	36%	41%	33%	29%	34%	29%	62%	26%	16%	48%	36%	27%	31%	22%	54%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

Thinking about the nation's economy, how would you rate economic conditions today? [READ LIST]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Excellent	3%	2%	3%	2%	2%	3%	4%	3%	1%	8%	5%	2%	4%	2%	9%	2%	4%	3%	<1%	4%	1%	5%	7%	<.5%	0%	11%	<.5%	1%	7%	<.5%	7%	0%	2%
Good	14%	13%	16%	3%	8%	15%	29%	17%	14%	5%	23%	11%	25%	13%	19%	16%	13%	12%	15%	15%	12%	16%	28%	3%	8%	31%	6%	12%	28%	4%	30%	3%	4%
Only fair	30%	28%	31%	36%	36%	27%	21%	28%	35%	29%	32%	29%	31%	27%	31%	28%	31%	31%	28%	29%	29%	31%	38%	23%	24%	31%	24%	33%	35%	24%	33%	21%	34%
Poor	52%	57%	49%	59%	53%	54%	45%	52%	49%	58%	40%	58%	40%	58%	41%	53%	52%	53%	56%	51%	58%	48%	26%	73%	67%	27%	69%	54%	30%	71%	29%	76%	59%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<.5%	0%	<1%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<1%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	<1%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	<1%	0%	1%
NET Excellent/good	18%	16%	19%	5%	10%	18%	34%	19%	15%	13%	28%	13%	29%	15%	28%	19%	16%	15%	16%	19%	13%	21%	35%	4%	8%	42%	7%	13%	35%	4%	37%	3%	6%
NET Fair/poor	82%	84%	80%	95%	89%	81%	66%	80%	84%	87%	72%	86%	71%	85%	72%	81%	83%	84%	84%	80%	86%	79%	64%	96%	91%	58%	93%	86%	65%	95%	62%	97%	93%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

Do you think abortion should be always legal, mostly legal, mostly illegal or always illegal?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Always legal	33%	27%	39%	46%	34%	35%	24%	31%	45%	41%	40%	31%	40%	26%	49%	36%	31%	32%	27%	37%	29%	39%	55%	17%	17%	57%	9%	35%	57%	15%	52%	12%	34%
Mostly legal	28%	32%	25%	34%	22%	30%	27%	29%	22%	30%	31%	27%	33%	27%	16%	31%	31%	24%	25%	28%	31%	30%	31%	26%	29%	26%	26%	33%	28%	29%	33%	25%	26%
Mostly illegal	17%	19%	14%	10%	25%	15%	18%	17%	12%	20%	18%	16%	17%	17%	5%	15%	17%	18%	25%	13%	20%	17%	6%	27%	15%	5%	30%	16%	6%	27%	6%	31%	15%
Always illegal	13%	14%	12%	6%	12%	10%	22%	16%	7%	5%	6%	16%	6%	20%	8%	10%	13%	19%	17%	16%	10%	10%	2%	24%	8%	4%	27%	9%	2%	21%	3%	23%	15%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	9%	7%	10%	5%	7%	9%	10%	7%	14%	4%	5%	10%	4%	9%	21%	8%	8%	6%	7%	7%	11%	5%	6%	7%	31%	8%	8%	8%	6%	7%	6%	9%	10%
NET Legal	62%	59%	64%	80%	56%	65%	50%	60%	67%	71%	72%	57%	74%	54%	65%	67%	62%	56%	51%	64%	60%	68%	86%	43%	46%	83%	35%	68%	85%	44%	85%	37%	60%
NET Illegal	30%	34%	26%	15%	37%	25%	39%	33%	18%	25%	24%	32%	23%	37%	13%	25%	30%	37%	41%	29%	30%	27%	8%	50%	23%	9%	57%	24%	9%	48%	9%	54%	30%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

(Split A) Regardless of how you might vote, tell me whether you trust Joe Biden or Donald Trump to do a better job on each of the following:
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) The economy [IF NEEDED: Regardless of how you might vote, tell me whether you trust Joe Biden or Donald Trump to do a better job on...]
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Immigration [IF NEEDED: Regardless of how you might vote, tell me whether you trust Joe Biden or Donald Trump to do a better job on...]
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) National security [IF NEEDED: Regardless of how you might vote, tell me whether you trust Joe Biden or Donald Trump to do a better job on...]
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) The Israeli-Palestinian [pah-luh-stin-ian] conflict [IF NEEDED: Regardless of how you might vote, tell me whether you trust Joe Biden or Donald Trump to do a better job on...]
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Abortion [IF NEEDED: Regardless of how you might vote, tell me whether you trust Joe Biden or Donald Trump to do a better job on...]
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Democracy [IF NEEDED: Regardless of how you might vote, tell me whether you trust Joe Biden or Donald Trump to do a better job on...]
(Split B) For each of the following items, tell me whether you support or oppose the policy.
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) A federal law banning abortions after 15 weeks of pregnancy [IF NEEDED: Tell me whether you support or oppose the policy. FOLLOW UP: Is that strongly or somewhat?]
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Providing additional economic and military support to Ukraine [IF NEEDED: Tell me whether you support or oppose the policy. FOLLOW UP: Is that strongly or somewhat?]
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Making it harder for migrants at the southern border to seek asylum in the United States [IF NEEDED: Tell me whether you support or oppose the policy. FOLLOW UP: Is that strongly or somewhat?]
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) The tariffs on China imposed by President Trump [IF NEEDED: Tell me whether you support or oppose the policy. FOLLOW UP: Is that strongly or somewhat?]
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Building a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border [IF NEEDED: Tell me whether you support or oppose the policy. FOLLOW UP: Is that strongly or somewhat?]
Do you think Donald Trump is good for democracy, bad for democracy, or neither good nor bad for democracy?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Good for democracy	28%	34%	23%	21%	28%	30%	32%	31%	7%	32%	21%	32%	22%	36%	17%	21%	31%	36%	33%	23%	30%	29%	2%	56%	6%	3%	59%	24%	3%	53%	4%	62%	20%
Bad for democracy	40%	32%	46%	38%	35%	39%	45%	38%	57%	31%	55%	33%	56%	30%	53%	44%	39%	28%	37%	39%	39%	44%	81%	3%	39%	80%	10%	37%	78%	8%	79%	4%	26%
Neither good nor bad for democracy	29%	31%	26%	40%	34%	28%	17%	27%	34%	33%	23%	31%	20%	30%	29%	31%	26%	33%	24%	33%	27%	26%	16%	37%	45%	15%	29%	37%	17%	35%	16%	30%	48%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	4%	2%	4%	<1%	3%	3%	5%	4%	1%	4%	1%	5%	1%	5%	0%	4%	3%	3%	6%	5%	4%	<1%	1%	5%	10%	2%	2%	3%	1%	4%	2%	4%	6%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

(If bad for democracy) Which statement comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right? [READ LIST]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Donald Trump poses a unique threat to democracy	35%	27%	43%	31%	30%	35%	43%	35%	47%	26%	50%	29%	54%	26%	47%	40%	34%	24%	32%	36%	35%	38%	74%	1%	29%	72%	7%	33%	72%	6%	73%	2%	18%
Donald Trump is not much worse for democracy than typical politicians	4%	5%	3%	8%	2%	4%	3%	3%	7%	5%	4%	4%	2%	3%	7%	3%	4%	4%	4%	<1%	3%	7%	6%	2%	7%	7%	2%	4%	6%	2%	5%	2%	5%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	3%	0%	0%	<.5%	4%	0%	<.5%	<1%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	1%	0%	<1%	2%	0%	<.5%	<1%	0%	3%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	2%
[PREVIOUSLY] Good for democracy	28%	34%	23%	21%	28%	30%	32%	31%	7%	32%	21%	32%	22%	36%	17%	21%	31%	36%	33%	23%	30%	29%	2%	56%	6%	3%	59%	24%	3%	53%	4%	62%	20%
[PREVIOUSLY] Neither good nor bad for democracy	29%	31%	26%	40%	34%	28%	17%	27%	34%	33%	23%	31%	20%	30%	29%	31%	26%	33%	24%	33%	27%	26%	16%	37%	45%	15%	29%	37%	17%	35%	16%	30%	48%
[PREVIOUSLY] Don’t know/Refused	4%	2%	4%	<1%	3%	3%	5%	4%	1%	4%	1%	5%	1%	5%	0%	4%	3%	3%	6%	5%	4%	<1%	1%	5%	10%	2%	2%	3%	1%	4%	2%	4%	6%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

Next, regardless of who you support for president, tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with each of the following statements.
Joe Biden is just too old to be an effective president. [IF NEEDED: Tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree...]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Strongly agree	46%	47%	44%	45%	52%	48%	37%	49%	24%	47%	37%	50%	39%	55%	30%	45%	43%	53%	50%	45%	49%	43%	20%	68%	47%	19%	71%	48%	20%	68%	23%	69%	49%
Somewhat agree	25%	25%	25%	36%	20%	24%	24%	22%	36%	26%	29%	23%	27%	20%	26%	26%	25%	23%	23%	22%	23%	28%	34%	16%	27%	31%	14%	27%	34%	16%	31%	15%	33%
Somewhat disagree	13%	13%	14%	9%	17%	10%	15%	13%	12%	17%	18%	11%	17%	11%	17%	12%	16%	11%	10%	15%	11%	15%	21%	8%	6%	19%	8%	14%	19%	9%	21%	8%	8%
Strongly disagree	14%	11%	15%	6%	9%	16%	19%	12%	27%	8%	11%	14%	13%	11%	25%	14%	14%	8%	12%	16%	15%	11%	24%	4%	14%	30%	6%	8%	24%	5%	23%	5%	7%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	3%	4%	2%	4%	2%	2%	4%	3%	<1%	2%	4%	2%	4%	3%	2%	2%	2%	4%	6%	2%	2%	2%	2%	3%	6%	<1%	<1%	3%	2%	2%	1%	3%	4%
NET Agree	70%	72%	69%	81%	72%	72%	62%	72%	60%	73%	66%	73%	66%	75%	56%	71%	68%	76%	73%	68%	72%	72%	54%	84%	74%	50%	85%	75%	55%	84%	54%	84%	82%
NET Disagree	27%	24%	29%	15%	26%	26%	34%	25%	39%	25%	30%	25%	30%	22%	42%	26%	30%	19%	21%	30%	26%	26%	45%	12%	20%	49%	14%	23%	43%	14%	45%	13%	15%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Donald Trump is just too old to be an effective president. [IF NEEDED: Tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree...]
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Do you think Joe Biden has the personality and temperament to be an effective president?
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Do you think Joe Biden has the mental sharpness to be an effective president?
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Do you think Donald Trump has the personality and temperament to be an effective president?
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Do you think Donald Trump has the mental sharpness to be an effective president?
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Do you think Joe Biden’s policies have helped you personally or hurt you personally?
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Do you think Donald Trump’s policies have helped you personally or hurt you personally?
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Do you think Donald Trump is too conservative, not conservative enough, or not too far either way?
Do you think Joe Biden is too liberal or progressive, not liberal or progressive enough, or not too far either way?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Too liberal or progressive	33%	43%	24%	20%	35%	39%	29%	38%	7%	31%	33%	32%	36%	38%	9%	28%	33%	42%	42%	16%	38%	42%	9%	55%	26%	8%	65%	26%	8%	59%	9%	68%	21%
Not liberal or progressive enough	13%	12%	13%	20%	20%	7%	8%	13%	13%	15%	11%	14%	11%	14%	11%	12%	13%	17%	11%	20%	11%	9%	21%	6%	12%	16%	3%	16%	22%	5%	21%	5%	14%
Not too far either way	47%	41%	52%	58%	37%	45%	52%	42%	75%	47%	53%	44%	49%	39%	77%	51%	46%	34%	40%	52%	47%	44%	67%	29%	45%	70%	25%	48%	66%	28%	66%	19%	51%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	8%	5%	11%	3%	8%	8%	11%	8%	6%	7%	4%	9%	4%	10%	3%	8%	8%	7%	7%	13%	4%	5%	3%	10%	17%	6%	7%	10%	4%	8%	4%	8%	14%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

(If undecided or persuadable voter) Now I'm going to describe two hypothetical candidates for president. Tell me which of the two candidates you would be more likely to support in the 2024 presidential election.
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Tell me which of the two candidates you would be more likely to support in the 2024 presidential election. [READ LIST]
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Tell me which of the two candidates you would be more likely to support in the 2024 presidential election. [READ LIST]
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Tell me which of the two candidates you would be more likely to support in the 2024 presidential election. [READ LIST]
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) Tell me which of the two candidates you would be more likely to support in the 2024 presidential election. [READ LIST]
(If undecided or persuadable voter) If Joe Biden won the election, do you think it would be good for America or bad for America, or would it not make much difference either way? FOLLOW UP: Is that very or somewhat?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very good	3%	3%	4%	0%	4%	2%	7%	2%	7%	5%	3%	3%	0%	3%	13%	1%	0%	17%	0%	2%	5%	4%	6%	4%	0%	9%	7%	<1%	6%	3%	4%	2%	3%
Somewhat good	3%	2%	3%	3%	0%	2%	7%	1%	0%	8%	3%	2%	0%	2%	0%	<1%	6%	4%	0%	2%	0%	3%	8%	1%	0%	3%	2%	1%	3%	<1%	4%	2%	2%
Somewhat bad	23%	31%	15%	29%	18%	32%	18%	28%	14%	15%	19%	25%	23%	30%	0%	26%	21%	16%	38%	26%	25%	21%	7%	36%	22%	10%	26%	32%	10%	28%	10%	24%	25%
Very bad	23%	22%	25%	17%	23%	23%	28%	29%	7%	20%	31%	20%	40%	24%	12%	20%	26%	37%	14%	20%	24%	27%	13%	25%	29%	16%	35%	22%	11%	35%	8%	55%	18%
Not make much difference either way	44%	42%	46%	51%	54%	39%	31%	36%	72%	42%	42%	44%	35%	36%	75%	43%	48%	27%	40%	48%	41%	45%	59%	34%	42%	49%	30%	43%	63%	31%	68%	12%	50%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	4%	1%	7%	0%	2%	3%	10%	4%	0%	10%	2%	6%	2%	5%	0%	9%	0%	0%	8%	2%	6%	0%	6%	0%	7%	13%	0%	1%	6%	2%	6%	4%	3%
Number of respondents	151	71	77	27	46	42	32	94	25	25	62	87	41	53	8	57	53	20	13	45	39	56	43	49	59	21	35	66	47	68	47	34	51
Percent of total electorate	100%	45%	53%	18%	32%	24%	23%	62%	17%	18%	30%	69%	21%	41%	6%	41%	33%	12%	8%	33%	26%	34%	28%	35%	36%	14%	21%	47%	28%	47%	30%	21%	36%

(If undecided or persuadable voter) If Donald Trump won the election, do you think it would be good for America or bad for America, or would it not make much difference either way? FOLLOW UP: Is that very or somewhat?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very good	7%	8%	7%	5%	9%	6%	8%	7%	0%	16%	8%	7%	8%	7%	0%	10%	4%	8%	8%	1%	10%	13%	0%	13%	8%	0%	19%	6%	0%	15%	1%	22%	6%
Somewhat good	12%	22%	5%	14%	12%	18%	4%	9%	9%	27%	8%	15%	9%	9%	40%	9%	15%	12%	0%	9%	13%	12%	13%	20%	5%	7%	22%	10%	3%	18%	14%	25%	6%
Somewhat bad	14%	20%	10%	16%	9%	20%	12%	20%	9%	3%	23%	9%	28%	16%	0%	18%	7%	15%	35%	7%	20%	18%	17%	10%	16%	21%	10%	19%	21%	10%	14%	22%	5%
Very bad	29%	16%	39%	19%	31%	16%	50%	29%	33%	22%	33%	27%	34%	26%	13%	22%	35%	45%	20%	30%	25%	26%	48%	5%	37%	53%	26%	19%	46%	17%	43%	11%	24%
Not make much difference either way	34%	34%	34%	45%	37%	38%	23%	31%	47%	32%	26%	39%	17%	38%	47%	36%	38%	19%	29%	51%	26%	30%	21%	52%	27%	16%	24%	46%	28%	37%	26%	17%	55%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	3%	1%	5%	2%	2%	3%	2%	4%	2%	0%	2%	3%	2%	5%	0%	5%	<1%	0%	8%	2%	6%	<1%	0%	0%	8%	2%	0%	1%	1%	2%	1%	4%	3%
Number of respondents	151	71	77	27	46	42	32	94	25	25	62	87	41	53	8	57	53	20	13	45	39	56	43	49	59	21	35	66	47	68	47	34	51
Percent of total electorate	100%	45%	53%	18%	32%	24%	23%	62%	17%	18%	30%	69%	21%	41%	6%	41%	33%	12%	8%	33%	26%	34%	28%	35%	36%	14%	21%	47%	28%	47%	30%	21%	36%

(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) To the best of your knowledge, do you think Joe Biden personally profited from his son’s business dealings in Ukraine and China?
Thinking about the investigations into Donald Trump, do you think that Donald Trump has or has not committed any serious federal crimes?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Trump has committed serious federal crimes	54%	44%	64%	67%	48%	48%	58%	52%	79%	46%	68%	48%	70%	43%	61%	63%	47%	44%	58%	60%	54%	54%	91%	18%	70%	91%	20%	56%	91%	22%	91%	15%	50%
Trump has not committed serious federal crimes	33%	46%	20%	23%	33%	40%	30%	35%	11%	42%	21%	37%	21%	41%	24%	27%	35%	42%	33%	24%	35%	38%	5%	62%	6%	4%	65%	30%	4%	60%	6%	69%	28%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	13%	10%	16%	9%	18%	12%	11%	14%	10%	12%	10%	15%	9%	16%	15%	10%	17%	14%	9%	17%	11%	8%	4%	20%	23%	5%	15%	13%	5%	18%	3%	16%	22%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

What comes closer to your view about Donald Trump's actions after the 2020 election? [READ LIST]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
He was just exercising his right to contest the election	41%	53%	31%	38%	45%	47%	34%	44%	25%	47%	32%	46%	32%	49%	42%	35%	43%	52%	44%	38%	44%	42%	8%	75%	24%	6%	74%	44%	8%	73%	7%	80%	46%
He went so far that he threatened American democracy	51%	41%	61%	56%	45%	47%	58%	47%	72%	49%	63%	46%	62%	41%	56%	58%	48%	39%	51%	55%	50%	52%	91%	14%	55%	91%	17%	49%	90%	17%	92%	11%	39%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	8%	7%	8%	6%	10%	6%	9%	9%	3%	4%	6%	9%	5%	10%	2%	7%	9%	10%	6%	8%	6%	7%	1%	11%	20%	3%	8%	7%	2%	10%	1%	9%	15%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) As you may know, Donald Trump will face a federal criminal trial in March for his actions after the 2020 election. Do you think it is likely or unlikely that he will be convicted at the end of the trial? FOLLOW UP: Is that very or somewhat?
(Question withheld from state cross-tabs because of small sample size. See full cross-tabs.) And if Donald Trump were convicted and sentenced to prison but were still the Republican nominee, would you vote for … [READ LIST]
Are you, or is any member of your household, a member of a labor union? [IF YES: Is that you, another household member, or both you and another household member?]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes, you are a member	7%	9%	5%	5%	7%	9%	7%	7%	9%	9%	7%	7%	6%	7%	8%	10%	5%	5%	9%	6%	10%	7%	9%	7%	3%	11%	3%	7%	10%	5%	10%	8%	<1%
Yes, another member of your household is a member	8%	5%	10%	10%	5%	10%	7%	7%	6%	9%	11%	7%	7%	6%	2%	9%	12%	5%	1%	4%	11%	10%	10%	5%	14%	10%	5%	9%	9%	6%	11%	6%	6%
Yes, you and another member of your household are members	3%	3%	3%	<1%	2%	4%	4%	3%	9%	<1%	2%	4%	2%	3%	10%	2%	2%	4%	2%	3%	2%	3%	3%	3%	2%	3%	3%	2%	2%	4%	3%	3%	2%
No	81%	82%	81%	79%	86%	77%	82%	83%	76%	82%	80%	81%	84%	82%	80%	78%	80%	86%	86%	87%	77%	79%	77%	85%	79%	75%	89%	80%	78%	84%	76%	84%	89%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	<1%	<.5%	1%	5%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	<1%	0%	0%	1%	0%	1%	0%	1%	<1%	<1%	2%	<1%	0%	<.5%	<1%	<1%	2%	<.5%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<.5%	1%	0%	2%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

Are you currently personally paying off any student loans for yourself or your family?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes	23%	24%	22%	30%	35%	25%	8%	22%	35%	20%	38%	17%	36%	15%	27%	26%	22%	25%	16%	21%	20%	31%	28%	17%	32%	22%	16%	30%	28%	19%	29%	17%	28%
No	76%	76%	77%	69%	64%	74%	92%	78%	65%	80%	61%	82%	63%	84%	73%	72%	78%	75%	83%	79%	79%	68%	71%	82%	68%	78%	83%	69%	71%	80%	71%	82%	71%
[VOL] Not paying loans but spouse is paying loans	<.5%	<.5%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%
[VOL] Not paying loans but child is paying loans	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	<1%	0%
[VOL] Don’t know/Refused	<.5%	0%	<1%	1%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	<.5%	0%	1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	<1%	0%	0%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	0%	<.5%	1%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

Now just a few questions for demographic purposes... Are you of Hispanic origin or descent, such as Mexican, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or some other Spanish background?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes	8%	8%	8%	16%	9%	6%	4%	0%	0%	58%	5%	10%	0%	0%	24%	12%	3%	6%	8%	12%	5%	8%	9%	8%	6%	9%	6%	10%	8%	8%	10%	7%	10%
No	90%	91%	90%	82%	90%	92%	95%	100%	99%	41%	94%	89%	100%	99%	76%	85%	97%	93%	92%	87%	94%	91%	91%	90%	91%	90%	94%	88%	92%	90%	90%	92%	87%
[VOL] Refused	1%	1%	2%	2%	1%	2%	<1%	<.5%	1%	<1%	1%	1%	<.5%	<1%	0%	3%	<1%	2%	0%	<1%	1%	<1%	<1%	2%	3%	<.5%	<.5%	2%	<.5%	2%	<.5%	<1%	4%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

Would you consider yourself: [IF biracial or multi-racial ask: What races would that be?]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
White	74%	78%	71%	70%	72%	72%	82%	98%	0%	30%	76%	73%	97%	98%	10%	71%	79%	86%	87%	72%	77%	72%	69%	82%	57%	66%	91%	71%	68%	81%	71%	89%	53%
Black or African American	14%	11%	16%	16%	13%	16%	11%	0%	100%	13%	10%	16%	0%	0%	79%	14%	10%	2%	5%	19%	12%	14%	22%	5%	21%	27%	3%	11%	24%	5%	19%	2%	25%
Asian or Asian American	2%	2%	2%	4%	3%	1%	2%	0%	0%	16%	4%	2%	0%	0%	0%	3%	4%	0%	2%	2%	1%	4%	2%	2%	2%	4%	2%	2%	3%	2%	2%	<.5%	7%
Native American	3%	3%	3%	1%	7%	3%	2%	0%	0%	22%	3%	3%	0%	0%	4%	4%	2%	4%	2%	3%	2%	5%	2%	3%	7%	1%	<1%	6%	2%	4%	4%	3%	4%
[VOL] Some other race (specify)	3%	3%	3%	3%	2%	4%	2%	2%	0%	8%	3%	3%	3%	2%	0%	4%	2%	5%	0%	3%	4%	3%	1%	4%	5%	1%	1%	5%	1%	4%	2%	3%	4%
[VOL] More than one race	1%	<1%	2%	3%	2%	<1%	<1%	0%	0%	9%	<1%	2%	0%	0%	3%	<1%	<.5%	3%	2%	<1%	1%	2%	<1%	2%	0%	0%	2%	<1%	<1%	2%	<.5%	1%	4%
[VOL] Refused	3%	2%	3%	3%	2%	4%	<.5%	0%	0%	3%	3%	2%	0%	0%	5%	3%	3%	0%	1%	<.5%	3%	2%	2%	2%	8%	<1%	0%	4%	1%	2%	3%	1%	3%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

Do you consider yourself politically liberal, moderate, or conservative? FOLLOW UP: (If liberal or conservative) Is that very or somewhat?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Very liberal	10%	10%	9%	17%	11%	6%	10%	10%	10%	10%	10%	10%	12%	10%	15%	9%	10%	12%	6%	13%	10%	9%	20%	2%	1%	21%	3%	7%	21%	3%	19%	3%	7%
Somewhat liberal	11%	7%	14%	16%	8%	10%	10%	11%	16%	7%	14%	9%	13%	10%	15%	8%	9%	12%	16%	12%	9%	12%	21%	3%	2%	31%	1%	4%	22%	2%	21%	2%	7%
Moderate	39%	39%	40%	38%	43%	44%	32%	38%	46%	35%	50%	35%	48%	34%	33%	50%	38%	29%	29%	34%	42%	45%	43%	33%	50%	32%	28%	54%	41%	38%	44%	30%	43%
Somewhat conservative	19%	21%	17%	11%	20%	18%	21%	18%	9%	28%	14%	21%	15%	20%	13%	15%	21%	22%	22%	22%	18%	17%	6%	29%	22%	5%	32%	19%	6%	29%	6%	34%	18%
Very conservative	14%	17%	11%	8%	12%	14%	20%	15%	10%	13%	10%	16%	11%	17%	16%	12%	11%	20%	21%	9%	15%	14%	5%	24%	10%	5%	31%	8%	4%	24%	4%	28%	10%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	8%	6%	9%	10%	6%	9%	6%	7%	8%	6%	3%	9%	2%	10%	8%	6%	10%	5%	6%	9%	6%	4%	4%	9%	15%	5%	5%	8%	5%	5%	5%	4%	15%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

Which of the following general income categories is your total household income before taxes? [IF NEEDED: I just want to remind you that you are completely anonymous. We only use this information in aggregate form to ensure we have a representative group of people.]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Under $25,000	13%	4%	21%	14%	9%	12%	16%	11%	22%	16%	3%	17%	4%	14%	26%	8%	14%	15%	12%	42%	0%	0%	12%	13%	14%	13%	9%	15%	14%	10%	12%	8%	20%
At least $25,000 but under $50,000	18%	17%	17%	26%	15%	13%	20%	18%	18%	20%	9%	22%	8%	23%	22%	19%	14%	22%	15%	58%	0%	0%	20%	15%	21%	14%	8%	24%	20%	14%	17%	14%	27%
At least $50,000 but under $100,000	27%	29%	25%	24%	27%	30%	26%	29%	24%	18%	25%	28%	26%	31%	24%	22%	33%	22%	33%	0%	100%	0%	24%	30%	26%	26%	34%	25%	24%	30%	27%	31%	19%
At least $100,000 but under $200,000	24%	28%	20%	20%	33%	26%	14%	23%	25%	23%	39%	17%	38%	17%	15%	27%	23%	21%	24%	0%	0%	69%	26%	22%	25%	26%	25%	24%	27%	25%	27%	27%	15%
$200,000 or more	11%	13%	9%	7%	12%	12%	10%	10%	8%	17%	18%	7%	20%	6%	8%	14%	11%	8%	9%	0%	0%	31%	12%	10%	7%	13%	12%	9%	10%	13%	13%	10%	9%
[VOL] Refused	8%	9%	7%	10%	4%	6%	14%	9%	3%	6%	6%	9%	5%	10%	6%	10%	6%	13%	6%	0%	0%	0%	6%	11%	8%	6%	13%	4%	5%	9%	5%	9%	11%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

Do you consider yourself a Democrat, a Republican, an independent or a member of another party?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Democrat	25%	17%	33%	24%	20%	22%	33%	22%	47%	24%	34%	21%	32%	17%	49%	24%	25%	18%	23%	23%	24%	29%	54%	2%	9%	100%	0%	0%	60%	0%	58%	2%	7%
Republican	27%	32%	23%	20%	24%	27%	35%	34%	2%	19%	20%	29%	25%	37%	2%	17%	34%	33%	38%	15%	34%	29%	3%	51%	13%	0%	100%	0%	0%	56%	3%	57%	25%
Independent	36%	40%	33%	39%	37%	45%	25%	35%	31%	47%	36%	37%	37%	34%	41%	45%	33%	32%	27%	46%	34%	35%	36%	35%	46%	0%	0%	100%	33%	35%	34%	29%	49%
Another party	5%	6%	3%	9%	9%	4%	<.5%	4%	7%	8%	5%	5%	3%	4%	5%	6%	3%	7%	6%	7%	2%	5%	5%	5%	8%	0%	0%	0%	6%	4%	3%	5%	10%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	7%	5%	7%	8%	10%	2%	7%	6%	12%	2%	4%	7%	3%	7%	3%	8%	5%	10%	6%	9%	6%	3%	2%	7%	24%	0%	0%	0%	1%	6%	2%	7%	9%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

(If independent, another party, or don't know on partisanship) And as of today, do you lean more to: [READ LIST]
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
The Democratic Party	35%	33%	37%	39%	31%	33%	37%	36%	53%	22%	46%	30%	46%	31%	34%	37%	35%	26%	40%	37%	32%	38%	78%	6%	14%	-	-	38%	100%	0%	73%	2%	27%
The Republican Party	45%	53%	38%	39%	47%	53%	33%	46%	29%	54%	40%	47%	42%	48%	51%	40%	41%	58%	47%	36%	48%	57%	10%	78%	30%	-	-	46%	0%	100%	15%	93%	41%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	20%	14%	26%	22%	22%	14%	30%	18%	18%	24%	14%	23%	11%	21%	15%	23%	24%	15%	12%	27%	20%	5%	12%	16%	56%	-	-	16%	0%	0%	13%	5%	32%
Number of respondents	296	163	122	58	85	104	44	197	34	50	118	177	81	116	16	113	88	49	30	99	75	100	111	139	46			227	105	133	99	91	75
Percent of total electorate	100%	51%	45%	20%	28%	33%	17%	66%	13%	17%	29%	71%	21%	45%	6%	40%	27%	16%	11%	39%	24%	30%	39%	47%	14%			76%	35%	45%	32%	29%	28%

Combined: Party identification and leaners
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
The Democratic Party	42%	34%	49%	46%	38%	39%	45%	38%	74%	37%	55%	36%	52%	31%	65%	46%	39%	31%	39%	46%	38%	45%	87%	5%	20%	100%	0%	38%	100%	0%	87%	3%	25%
The Republican Party	48%	59%	40%	42%	50%	54%	45%	54%	17%	49%	38%	53%	43%	59%	27%	41%	51%	61%	56%	37%	54%	53%	8%	87%	36%	0%	100%	46%	0%	100%	8%	95%	53%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	10%	7%	11%	12%	13%	7%	10%	8%	9%	14%	6%	11%	5%	10%	7%	13%	10%	8%	5%	17%	8%	2%	5%	8%	44%	0%	0%	16%	0%	0%	5%	2%	22%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

† Do you consider yourself Catholic, Protestant, Mormon, Jewish, Muslim, some other religion, or do you have no religious affiliation?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Catholic	19%	21%	18%	16%	11%	23%	25%	21%	8%	23%	18%	20%	20%	22%	22%	17%	19%	25%	18%	22%	16%	20%	17%	22%	15%	18%	29%	15%	15%	25%	19%	28%	9%
Protestant (Christian)	30%	26%	34%	19%	25%	25%	50%	29%	41%	22%	32%	29%	30%	28%	38%	22%	30%	32%	43%	28%	35%	24%	22%	37%	32%	26%	41%	26%	25%	36%	25%	40%	21%
Mormon (LDS)	<1%	<.5%	1%	0%	2%	1%	0%	<.5%	0%	5%	0%	1%	0%	<.5%	0%	1%	<1%	2%	0%	1%	0%	1%	<1%	1%	0%	<1%	<1%	0%	<1%	1%	2%	<1%	0%
Jewish	<1%	<1%	<.5%	1%	<.5%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0%	3%	2%	<.5%	2%	0%	0%	2%	<.5%	0%	<1%	<1%	0%	2%	1%	<1%	0%	1%	<.5%	1%	1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%
Muslim	1%	3%	<.5%	<1%	4%	1%	0%	1%	0%	3%	2%	1%	2%	<1%	0%	2%	2%	0%	1%	2%	0%	2%	<.5%	2%	4%	1%	0%	3%	<1%	1%	2%	<.5%	3%
[VOL] Christian (includes Baptist, Lutheran, Episcopalian, Methodist, Adventist, Presbyterian)	8%	11%	6%	2%	8%	14%	4%	8%	12%	6%	4%	10%	3%	11%	7%	12%	9%	6%	4%	6%	12%	8%	6%	9%	17%	8%	10%	7%	6%	9%	7%	9%	10%
[VOL] Greek/Russian Orthodox	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
Some other religion (specify)	3%	3%	3%	3%	6%	3%	3%	3%	3%	7%	2%	4%	1%	4%	3%	5%	3%	3%	2%	6%	1%	4%	5%	2%	6%	4%	2%	3%	6%	2%	4%	1%	6%
No religious affiliation	34%	34%	34%	51%	43%	31%	17%	35%	31%	32%	39%	32%	40%	32%	26%	37%	35%	31%	31%	31%	35%	39%	45%	25%	24%	41%	17%	43%	44%	24%	41%	19%	48%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	2%	1%	2%	6%	<1%	2%	2%	1%	5%	0%	2%	3%	1%	2%	5%	3%	3%	2%	0%	2%	<1%	2%	2%	2%	2%	<1%	<1%	2%	2%	1%	<1%	<1%	3%
Number of respondents	563	293	259	100	144	190	114	401	73	76	230	330	168	231	32	174	195	94	68	148	159	218	247	266	50	148	147	203	246	266	234	201	94
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	32%	25%	72%	13%	13%	30%	69%	22%	49%	6%	32%	33%	16%	14%	30%	27%	34%	43%	49%	8%	25%	28%	35%	42%	48%	39%	35%	19%

† (If Protestant, Christian, Mormon, Greek/Russian Orthodox or some other religion) Do you consider yourself an evangelical or born-again Christian?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes	23%	22%	25%	6%	21%	25%	33%	22%	34%	18%	19%	24%	16%	25%	31%	19%	25%	23%	25%	19%	31%	20%	17%	27%	31%	21%	30%	21%	19%	28%	21%	32%	13%
No	18%	17%	19%	12%	15%	20%	22%	17%	20%	20%	20%	17%	19%	17%	21%	21%	16%	12%	23%	21%	17%	16%	18%	18%	19%	16%	17%	18%	19%	17%	18%	17%	19%
[VOL] Refused	4%	3%	5%	7%	6%	1%	3%	4%	4%	3%	1%	5%	1%	5%	0%	4%	3%	7%	3%	4%	4%	2%	1%	6%	8%	2%	6%	2%	2%	5%	1%	4%	6%
[PREVIOUSLY] Catholic, Jewish, Muslim, no religious affiliation or refused	55%	59%	51%	75%	58%	53%	42%	56%	41%	59%	59%	53%	64%	53%	48%	56%	56%	58%	50%	55%	48%	63%	63%	50%	42%	60%	46%	59%	61%	50%	60%	47%	62%
Number of respondents	563	293	259	100	144	190	114	401	73	76	230	330	168	231	32	174	195	94	68	148	159	218	247	266	50	148	147	203	246	266	234	201	94
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	32%	25%	72%	13%	13%	30%	69%	22%	49%	6%	32%	33%	16%	14%	30%	27%	34%	43%	49%	8%	25%	28%	35%	42%	48%	39%	35%	19%

Who did you vote for in the 2020 presidential election between Donald Trump and Joe Biden, or did you not vote?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Donald Trump	35%	45%	26%	16%	33%	41%	41%	42%	6%	26%	30%	36%	35%	45%	11%	28%	34%	52%	45%	26%	41%	38%	1%	68%	18%	3%	74%	28%	2%	68%	0%	100%	0%
Joe Biden	39%	32%	46%	34%	38%	38%	44%	36%	52%	42%	56%	32%	55%	28%	48%	44%	37%	29%	39%	37%	38%	45%	81%	4%	19%	91%	4%	37%	81%	7%	100%	0%	0%
I did not vote	20%	20%	20%	44%	25%	14%	8%	15%	34%	31%	9%	25%	6%	19%	34%	19%	25%	12%	12%	31%	14%	13%	13%	23%	39%	6%	18%	27%	12%	21%	0%	0%	100%
[VOL] Someone else	3%	2%	2%	2%	3%	3%	2%	3%	1%	1%	3%	2%	3%	3%	0%	5%	2%	2%	2%	3%	3%	2%	2%	3%	6%	0%	2%	4%	2%	2%	0%	0%	0%
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	4%	2%	5%	4%	1%	4%	6%	4%	7%	0%	2%	4%	1%	5%	7%	4%	3%	6%	2%	4%	4%	2%	3%	2%	17%	<1%	2%	5%	3%	2%	0%	0%	0%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

(Excluding "I did not vote") Who did you vote for in the 2020 presidential election between Donald Trump and Joe Biden, or did you not vote?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Donald Trump	43%	56%	32%	28%	44%	48%	44%	49%	9%	37%	33%	48%	37%	56%	16%	35%	45%	59%	51%	37%	47%	44%	1%	88%	30%	3%	91%	38%	3%	87%	0%	100%	-
Joe Biden	49%	39%	58%	61%	51%	44%	48%	43%	79%	61%	61%	42%	58%	34%	74%	55%	49%	33%	44%	53%	45%	52%	93%	6%	32%	96%	5%	50%	92%	9%	100%	0%	-
[VOL] Someone else	3%	3%	3%	4%	3%	4%	2%	4%	2%	1%	3%	3%	3%	4%	0%	6%	3%	2%	2%	4%	4%	2%	2%	3%	11%	0%	2%	5%	2%	2%	0%	0%	-
[VOL] Don't know/Refused	5%	2%	7%	8%	1%	4%	6%	4%	11%	0%	2%	6%	1%	6%	10%	5%	4%	6%	2%	6%	4%	2%	3%	3%	28%	1%	2%	6%	4%	2%	0%	0%	-
Number of respondents	510	264	235	73	120	185	117	383	54	61	233	274	176	205	24	163	165	92	66	115	150	211	242	233	35	153	136	173	239	240	255	219
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	49%	12%	22%	34%	29%	76%	10%	12%	35%	64%	27%	48%	5%	33%	30%	17%	15%	26%	29%	37%	47%	46%	7%	29%	27%	33%	46%	47%	49%	43%

The Siena College Research Institute will guarantee your anonymity [an-a-nim-a-tee]. However, if you would be open to commenting on the issues in this survey, would you like to be contacted by a reporter?
	Registered Voters	Gender		Age				Race/Ethnicity			Education		Race/Education		Region					Income			2024 Vote Choice			Party I.D.			Party I.D. + Leaners		2020 Vote
	Registered Voters	Men	Women	18-29	30-44	45-64	65+	White	Black	Oth.	B.A.+	No B.A.	White, college	White, no college	Detroit	Detroit Metro	East	North	West	Under $50k	$50-100k	Over $100k	Biden	Trump	Oth.	Dem.	Rep.	Ind.	Dem.	Rep.	Biden	Trump	Did not vote
Yes	24%	30%	17%	21%	29%	25%	20%	22%	29%	25%	30%	21%	27%	20%	28%	23%	25%	26%	19%	16%	29%	32%	27%	21%	21%	27%	21%	27%	27%	23%	28%	24%	19%
No	76%	70%	83%	79%	71%	75%	80%	78%	71%	75%	70%	79%	73%	80%	72%	77%	75%	74%	81%	84%	71%	68%	73%	79%	79%	73%	79%	73%	73%	77%	72%	76%	81%
Number of respondents	616	318	286	110	154	209	128	437	77	86	256	356	188	247	36	195	211	102	72	162	172	238	270	287	59	161	159	227	266	292	255	219	106
Percent of total electorate	100%	48%	50%	17%	24%	31%	25%	71%	12%	14%	31%	69%	23%	48%	6%	33%	32%	16%	13%	30%	27%	34%	43%	48%	9%	25%	27%	36%	42%	48%	39%	35%	20%

Party I.D. is self-identified party, without leaners; independents include only self-identified independents. Party registration is the respondent’s party as listed on the voter file. † Asked of respondents starting Oct. 23.

Methodology

The New York Times/Siena College polls of 3,662 registered voters in Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin were conducted in English and Spanish on cellular and landline telephones from Oct. 22 to Nov. 3, 2023. When all states are joined together, the margin of sampling error is plus or minus 1.8 percentage points for all registered voters and plus or minus 2 percentage points for the likely electorate. The margin of sampling error for each state poll is plus or minus 4.4 percentage points in Arizona, Michigan and Nevada, plus or minus 4.5 points in Georgia, plus or minus 4.6 points in Pennsylvania and plus or minus 4.8 points in Wisconsin.

Sample

The survey is a response rate-adjusted stratified sample of registered voters on the L2 voter file. The sample was selected by The New York Times in multiple steps to account for differential telephone coverage, nonresponse and significant variation in the productivity of telephone numbers by state.

The L2 voter file for each state was stratified by statehouse district, party, race, gender, marital status, household size, turnout history, age and home ownership. The proportion of registrants with a telephone number and the mean expected response rate, based on prior Times/Siena polls, were calculated for each stratum. The initial selection weight was equal to the reciprocal of a stratum’s mean telephone coverage and modeled response rate. For respondents with multiple telephone numbers on the L2 file, the number with the highest modeled response rate was selected.

Fielding

The samples for each state were stratified by party, race and region and fielded by the Siena College Research Institute, with additional field work by ReconMR, the Public Opinion Research Laboratory at the University of North Florida and the Institute for Policy and Opinion Research at Roanoke College. Interviewers asked for the person named on the voter file and ended the interview if the intended respondent was not available. Overall, 94 percent of respondents were reached on a cellular telephone.

The instrument was translated into Spanish by ReconMR, and Spanish-speaking interviewers were assigned to the modeled Hispanic sample. Bilingual interviewers began the interview in English and were instructed to follow the lead of the respondent in determining whether to conduct the survey in English or Spanish. Monolingual Spanish-speaking respondents who were initially contacted by English-speaking interviewers were recontacted by Spanish-speaking interviewers. Overall, 12 percent of interviews among self-reported Hispanics were conducted in Spanish, including 19 percent in Nevada and 13 percent in Arizona.

Weighting — registered voters

The survey was weighted by The Times using the R survey package in multiple steps.

First, the samples were adjusted for unequal probability of selection by stratum.

Second, the six state samples were weighted separately to match voter file-based parameters for the characteristics of registered voters by state.

The following targets were used:

• Party (party registration if available, else classification based on a model of vote choice in prior Times/Siena polls)

• Age (Self-reported age, or voter file age if the respondent refuses)

• Gender (L2 data)

• Race or ethnicity (L2 model)

• Education (four categories of self-reported education, weighted to match NYT-based targets derived from Times/Siena polls, census data and the L2 voter file)

• Marital status (L2 model)

• Home ownership (L2 model)

• State regions (NYT classifications by county or city)

• Turnout history (NYT classifications based on L2 data)

• Vote method in the 2020 elections (NYT classifications based on L2 data)

• Census block group density (A.C.S. 5-Year Census Block Group data)

• City type (Nevada only, added based on a post-hoc analysis of the difference between the weighted sample and voter file parameters. The weight had no meaningful effect on the topline result.)

• Census tract educational attainment (Georgia only, added based on a post-hoc analysis of the difference between the weighted sample and voter file parameters. The weight had no meaningful effect on the topline result.)

Finally, the six state samples were balanced to each represent one-sixth of the sum of the weights.

Weighting — likely electorate

The survey was weighted by The Times using the R survey package in multiple steps.

First, the samples were adjusted for unequal probability of selection by stratum.

Second, the first-stage weight was adjusted to account for the probability that a registrant would vote in the 2024 election, based on a model of turnout in the 2020 election.

Third, the six state samples were weighted separately to match targets for the composition of the likely electorate. The targets for the composition of the likely electorate were derived by aggregating the individual-level turnout estimates described in the previous step for registrants on the L2 voter file. The categories used in weighting were the same as those previously mentioned for registered voters.

Fourth, the initial likely electorate weight was adjusted to incorporate self-reported vote intention. The final probability that a registrant would vote in the 2024 election was four-fifths based on their ex ante modeled turnout score and one-fifth based on their self-reported intention, based on prior Times/Siena polls, including a penalty to account for the tendency of survey respondents to turn out at higher rates than nonrespondents. The final likely electorate weight was equal to the modeled electorate rake weight, multiplied by the final turnout probability and divided by the ex ante modeled turnout probability.

Finally, the six state samples were balanced to each represent one-sixth of the sum of the weights.

The margin of error accounts for the survey’s design effect, a measure of the loss of statistical power due to survey design and weighting. The design effect for the full battleground sample of registered voters is 1.29. The design effect for the likely electorate is 1.46, which includes the added variance due to incorporating the probability that a respondent will participate in the 2024 election.

Correction:

Nov. 14, 2023

An earlier version of the methodology statement, using language intended for a previous poll, inaccurately described the weighting process as it related to the sample selection process. As correctly detailed in the sampling section, all registered voters in each state had an equal probability of being selected, controlling for each stratum’s expected response rate and telephone coverage on the voter file. The polls did not oversample Republican voters, and the weighting process did not account for any such oversample.