1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries

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1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries
← 1976 January 21 to June 3, 1980 1984 →
3,346 delegates to the Democratic National Convention
1,674 delegates votes needed to win
 
Candidate Jimmy Carter Ted Kennedy
Home state Georgia Massachusetts
Delegate count 1,984 [a][1]
 1,237 [b][2]
Contests won 37 13
Popular vote 10,043,016 7,381,693
Percentage 51.1% 37.6%
     Carter      Kennedy      Uncommitted
Previous Democratic nominee

Jimmy Carter

 Democratic nominee

Jimmy Carter

From January 21 to June 3, 1980, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1980 United States presidential election. Incumbent President Jimmy Carter was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses, culminating in the 1980 Democratic National Convention, held from August 11 to 14, 1980, in New York City.

Carter faced a major primary challenger in Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts, who won 12 contests and received more than seven million votes nationwide, enough for him to refuse to concede the nomination until the second day of the convention. This remains the last primary election in which an incumbent president's party nomination was still contested going into the convention.

Jimmy Carter would be the last incumbent president to lose a primary in any contest, until Joe Biden did in 2024 to Jason Palmer in the 2024 American Samoa Democratic presidential caucuses.[3] For the Democrats in 1980 a-then record of 37 primary races were held.[4]

Primary race[edit]

At the time, Iran was experiencing a major uprising that severely damaged its oil infrastructure and greatly weakened its capability to produce oil.[5] In January 1979, shortly after Iran's leader Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi fled the country, lead Iranian opposition figure Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned from a 14-year exile and with the help of the Iranian people toppled the Shah which in turn led to the installation of a new government that was hostile towards the United States.[5] The damage that resulted from Khomeini's rise to power was soon felt throughout many American cities.[5] In the spring and summer of 1979 inflation was on the rise and various parts of the country were experiencing energy shortages.[6] The gas lines last seen just after the Arab/Israeli war of 1973 were back and President Carter was widely blamed.

President Carter's approval ratings were very low—28% according to Gallup,[7] with some other polls giving even lower numbers. In July Carter returned from Camp David and announced a reshuffling of his cabinet on national television, giving a speech whose downcast demeanor resulted in it being widely labelled the "malaise speech." While the speech caused a brief upswing in the president's approval rating, the decision to dismiss several cabinet members was widely seen as a rash act of desperation, causing his approval rating to plummet back into the twenties. Some Democrats felt it worth the risk to mount a challenge to Carter in the primaries. Although Hugh Carey and William Proxmire decided not to run, Senator Edward M. Kennedy finally made his long-expected run at the presidency.

Ted Kennedy had been asked to take his brother Robert's place at the 1968 Democratic National Convention and had refused. He ran for Senate Majority Whip in 1969, with many thinking that he was going to use this as a platform for the 1972 race.[8] However, then came the notorious Chappaquiddick incident that killed Kennedy's car passenger Mary Jo Kopechne. Kennedy subsequently refused to run for president in 1972 and 1976. Many of his supporters suspected that Chappaquiddick had destroyed any ability he had to win on a national level. Despite this, in the summer of 1979, Kennedy consulted with his extended family, and that fall, he let it leak out that because of Carter's failings, 1980 might indeed be the year he would try for the nomination. Gallup had him beating the president by over two to one, but Carter remained confident, famously claiming at a June White House gathering of Congressmen that if Kennedy ran against him in the primary, he would "whip his ass."[9]

Kennedy's official announcement was scheduled for early November. A television interview with Roger Mudd of CBS a few days before the announcement went badly, however. Kennedy gave an "incoherent and repetitive"[10] answer to the question of why he was running, and the polls, which showed him leading the President by 58–25 in August now had him ahead 49–39.[11] Meanwhile, U.S. animosity towards the Khomeini régime greatly accelerated after 52 American hostages were taken by a group of Islamist students and militants at the U.S. embassy in Tehran and Carter's approval ratings jumped in the 60-percent range in some polls, due to a "rally ‘round the flag" effect[12] and an appreciation of Carter's calm handling of the crisis. Kennedy was suddenly left far behind. Carter beat Kennedy decisively in Iowa and New Hampshire. Carter decisively defeated Kennedy everywhere except Massachusetts, until impatience began to build with the President's strategy on Iran. When the primaries in New York and Connecticut came around, it was Kennedy who won.

Momentum built for Ted Kennedy after Carter's attempt to rescue the hostages on April 25 ended in disaster and drew further skepticism towards Carter's leadership ability.[13] Nevertheless, Carter was still able to maintain a substantial lead even after Kennedy won the key states of California and New Jersey in June. Despite this, Kennedy refused to drop out, and the 1980 Democratic National Convention was one of the nastiest on record. On the penultimate day, Kennedy conceded the nomination and called for a more liberal party platform in the Dream Shall Never Die speech, considered by many as the best speech of his career, and one of the best political speeches of the 20th Century.[14] On the stage on the final day, Kennedy for the most part ignored Carter.

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]

Candidate Most recent office Home state Campaign

Withdrawal date

Popular

vote

Contests won Running mate
Jimmy Carter Carter President of the United States
(1977–1981)
Georgia

(Campaign • Positions)
Secured nomination: August 11, 1980

10,043,016
(51.13%) 		36
IA, ME, NH, VT, AL, FL, GA, PR, IL, KS, WI, LA, TX, IN, NC, TN, NE, MD, OK, AR ID, KY, NV, MT, OH, WV, MO, OR, WA 		Walter Mondale

Withdrew during primaries or convention[edit]

Candidate Most recent office Home state Campaign

Withdrawal date

Popular Vote Contests Won
Ted Kennedy U.S. Senator
from Massachusetts
(1962–2009)
Massachusetts

(Campaign)
Withdrew at convention: August 11, 1980

7,381,693
(37.58%) 		12
AZ, MA, CT, NY, PA, ND, DC, CA, NJ, NM, RI, SD, VT, AK, MI

Other candidates[edit]

Far-right politician David Duke tried to run for the Democratic presidential nomination. Despite being six years too young to be qualified to run for president, Duke attempted to place his name onto the ballot in twelve states stating that he wanted to be a power broker who could "select issues and form a platform representing the majority of this country" at the Democratic National Convention.[15][16]

Results[edit]

Tablemaker's Note:[c]

Date
(daily totals) 		Contest Total
pledged delegates
Delegates won and popular vote
Jimmy Carter Ted Kennedy Jerry Brown Lyndon LaRouche Others Uncommitted
January 21 Iowa
Caucuses[17][d]
3,220 SDs 		0 (of 50) 1,830 SDs
(56.83%) 		968 SDs
(30.06%) 		- - - 297 SDs
(9.22%)
February 10 Maine
Caucuses[18][e]
2,247 SDs
33,326 		0 (of 50) 1,017 SDs
(45.26%)
14,528
(43.59%) 		847 SDs
(37.69%)
13,384
(40.16%) 		263 SDs
(11.70%)
4,626
(13.88%) 		- - 52 SDs
(2.31%)
793
(2.38%)
February 26 Minnesota
Caucuses[19][f] 		0 (of 75) (~73.7%) (~10.4%) - - - -
New Hampshire
Primary[20]
111,930 		19 (of 19) 10 Del.
52,692
(47.08%) 		9 Del.
41,745
(37.30%) 		10,743
(9.60%) 		2,326
(2.08%) 		4,424 WI
(3.95%) 		-
March 4 Massachusetts
Primary[21]
907,323 		111 (of 111) 34 Del.
260,401
(28.70%) 		77 Del.
590,393
(65.07%) 		31,498
(3.47%) 		- 5,368 WI
(0.59%) 		19,663
(2.17%)
Vermont
Primary[22]
39,703 		0 (of 12) 29,015
(73.08%) 		10,135
(25.53%) 		358 WI
(0.90%) 		6 WI
(0.02%) 		189
(0.48%) 		-
March 8 Iowa
County Conventions[23]
3,220 SDs 		0 (of 50) 1,966 SDs
(61.06%) 		1,116 SDs
(34.66%) 		- - - 121 SDs
(3.76%)
March 11 Alabama
Primary[24]
237,464 		45 (of 45) 43 Del.
193,734
(81.59%) 		2 Del.
31,382
(13.22%) 		9,529
(4.01%) 		1,149
(0.48%) 		- 1,670
(0.70%)
Alaska
Caucuses[25][g]
2,367 SDs 		0 (of 11) 392 SDs
(16.56%) 		110 SDs
(4.65%) 		10 SDs
(0.42%) 		- - 847 SDs
(35.78%)
Florida
Primary[26]
1,098,003 		99 (of 99) 76 Del.
666,321
(60.69%) 		23 Del.
254,727
(23.20%) 		53,474
(4.87%) 		- 19,160
(1.75%) 		1 Del.104,321
(9.50%)
Georgia
Primary[27]
384,780 		63 (of 63) 62 Del.
338,772
(88.04%) 		1 Del.
32,315
(8.40%) 		7,255
(1.89%) 		- 2,731
(0.71%) 		3,707 [h]
(0.96%)
Oklahoma
Caucuses[28][i] 		0 (of 42) 4,638 CDs
(76.07%) 		593 CDs
(9.74%) 		19 CDs
(0.31%) 		- - 847 CDs
(13.89%)
March 15 Mississippi
Caucuses[29][j] 		0 (of 32) (~78%) (~5%) (~1%) - (~1%) (~16%)
South Carolina
Caucuses[30][k]
11,107 CDs 		0 (of 37) 7,035 CDs
(63.34%) 		579 CDs
(5.21%) 		7 CDs
(0.06%) 		- - 3,486 CDs
(31.39%)
March 16 Puerto Rico
Primary[31]
870,235 		41 (of 41) 21 Del.
449,681
(51.67%) 		20 Del.
418,068
(48.04%) 		1,660
(0.19%) 		- 826
(0.10%) 		-
March 18 Illinois
Pres. Primary[32]
1,201,067 		0 (of 179) 780,787
(65.01%) 		359,875
(29.96%) 		39,168
(3.26%) 		19,192
(1.60%) 		2,045 WI
(1.77%) 		-
Illinois
Del. Primary[33] 		179 (of 179) 165 Del. 14 Del. - - - -
Washington
Caucuses[34]
9,811 CDs 		0 (of 57) 5,264 CDs
(53.65%) 		2,491 CDs
(25.39%) 		63 CDs
(0.64%) 		- - 1,993 CDs
(20.31%)
March 22 Virginia
Caucuses[35][l]
2,999 SDs 		0 (of 64) 2,169 SDs
(72.32%) 		355 SDs
(11.84%) 		1 SD
(0.03%) 		- - 186 SDs
(6.20%)
March 24 South Carolina
County Conventions[36][m]
11,107 CDs 		0 (of 37) (~69%) (~6%) - - - (~25%)
March 25 Connecticut
Primary[37]
210,275 		54 (of 54) 25 Del.
87,207
(41.47%) 		29 Del.
98,662
(46.92%) 		5,386
(2.56%) 		5,617
(2.67%) 		- 13,403
(6.37%)
New York
Primary[38][39]
989,062 		282 (of 282) 118 Del.
406,305
(41.08%) 		164 Del.
582,757
(58.92%) 		- - - -
March 29 Oklahoma
County Conventions[40]
932 SDs 		0 (of 42) 723 SDs
(77.58%) 		88 SDs
(9.44%) 		- - 1 SDs
(0.11%) 		120 SDs
(12.88%)
April 1 Kansas
Primary[41]
193,918 		37 (of 37) 23 Del.
109,807
(56.63%) 		14 Del.
61,318
(31.62%) 		9,434
(4.87%) 		- 2,196[n]
(1.13%) 		9,434
(4.87%)
Wisconsin
Primary[42]
629,619 		75 (of 75) 48 Del.
353,662
(56.17%) 		26 Del.
189,520
(30.10%) 		1 Del.
74,496
(11.83%) 		6,896
(1.10%) 		2,351[o]
(0.37%) 		2,694
(0.43%)
April 5 Louisiana
Primary[43]
358,741 		51 (of 51) 39 Del.
199,956
(55.74%) 		12 Del.
80,797
(22.52%) 		16,774
(4.68%) 		- 19,600[p]
(5.46%) 		41,614
(11.60%)
April 6 Mississippi
District Conventions[44] 		22 (of 32) 22 Del. - - - - -
April 12 Arizona
Caucuses[45][q]
19,600 		0 (of 29) 8,342
(42.56%) 		10,241
(52.25%) 		95
(0.49%) 		- 8 [r]
(0.04%) 		914
(4.66%)
South Carolina
State Convention[46][s] 		37 (of 37) 34 Del. 1 Del. - - - 2 Del.
Virginia
District Conventions[t][47] 		23 (of 64) 21 Del. 2 Del. - - - -
April 17 Idaho
Caucuses[48]
380 SDs 		17[u] (of 17) 8 Del.
185 SDs
(48.68%) 		5 Del.
111 SDs
(29.21%) 		- - - 4 Del.
84 SDs
(22.11%)
April 18 Washington
County Conventions[49]
1,310 SDs 		0 (of 57) 744 SDs
(56.79%) 		368 SDs
(28.09%) 		- - - 198 SDs
(15.11%)
April 19 Iowa
District Conventions[50] 		34 (of 50) 21 Del. 11 Del. - - - 2 Del.
Minnesota
District Conventions[v][51] 		18 (of 75) 12 Del. 1 Del. - - - 5 Del.
Mississippi
District Conventions[52] 		10 (of 32) 10 Del. - - - - -
Oklahoma
District Conventions[53]
932 SDs 		29 (of 42) 24 Del. 3 Del. - - - 2 Del.
Virginia
District Conventions[w][54] 		17 (of 64) 14 Del. 3 Del. - - - -
April 22 Missouri
Caucuses[55]
793 SDs 		0 (of 77) 550 SDs
(69.36%) 		108 SDs
(13.62%) 		- - - 135 SDs
(17.02%)
Pennsylvania
Primary[56]
1,613,223 		185 (of 185) 91 Del.
732,332
(45.40%) 		94 Del.
736,854
(45.68%) 		37,669
(2.34%) 		- 12,503 WI
(0.78%) 		93,865
(5.82%)
Vermont
Caucuses[57]
1,535 SDs[x] 		0 (of 12) 366 SDs
(23.84%) 		516 SDs
(33.62%) 		- - - 262 SDs
(17.06%)
April 26 Michigan
Caucuses[58]
16,232 		141 (of 141) 70 Del.
7,567
(46.62%) 		71 Del.
7,793
(48.01%) 		- - 232
(1.43%) 		640
(3.94%)
May 3 Minnesota
District Conventions[y][59] 		33 (of 75) 15 Del. 4 Del. - - - 14 Del.
Oklahoma
State Convention[60]
932 SDs 		13 (of 42) 10 Del. - - - - 3 Del.
Texas
Primary[61]
1,377,356 		0 (of 152) 770,390
(55.93%) 		314,129
(22.81%) 		35,585
(2.58%) 		- - 257,252
(18.68%)
Virginia
District Conventions[z][62] 		17 (of 64) 4 Del. - - - - -
May 5 Colorado
Caucuses[aa][63][64][65]
2,918SDs 		0 (of 40) 1,174 SDs
(40.23%) 		852 SDs
(29.20%) 		- - - 892 SDs
(30.57%)
May 6 Washington, D.C.
Primary[66]
64,150 		19 (of 19) 8 Del.
23,697
(36.94%) 		11 Del.
39,561
(61.67%) 		- 892
(1.39%) 		- -
Indiana
Primary[67]
589,441 		80 (of 80) 53 Del.
398,949
(67.68%) 		27 Del.
190,492
(32.32%) 		- - - -
North Carolina
Primary[68]
737,262 		69 (of 69) 53 Del.
516,778
(70.09%) 		13 Del.
130,684
(17.73%) 		21,420
(2.91%) 		- - 68,380
(9.28%)
Tennessee
Primary[69]
294,680 		55 (of 55) 44 Del.
221,658
(75.22%) 		11 Del.
53,258
(18.07%) 		5,612
(1.90%) 		925
(0.31%) 		1,684 [ab]
(0.57%) 		11,515
(3.91%)
May 10 Texas
Caucuses[70]
3,900 SDs[ac] 		0 (of 152) 1,431 SDs
(36.69%) 		644 SDs
(16.51%) 		- - - 312 SDs
(8.00%)
Wyoming
State Convention[71] 		11 (of 11) 8 Del. 3 Del. - - - -
May 13 Maryland
Primary[72]
477,090 		30 (of 30) 32 Del.
226,528
(47.48%) 		26 Del.
181,091
(37.96%) 		14,313
(3.00%) 		4,388
(0.92%) 		4,891 [ad]
(1.03%) 		1 Del.
45,879
(9.62%)
Nebraska
Primary[73]
153,881 		24 (of 24) 14 Del.
72,120
(46.87%) 		10 Del.
57,826
(37.58%) 		5,478
(3.56%) 		1,169
(0.76%) 		1,247 WI
(0.81%) 		16,041
(10.42%)
May 17 Alaska
State Convention[74] 		11 (of 11) 0.61 Del. 1.83 Del. - - - 8.56 Del.
Maine
State Convention[75] 		22 (of 22) 11 Del. 11 Del. - - - -
Virginia
State Convention[76] 		20 (of 64) 20 Del. - - - - -
May 20
(116) 		Michigan
Primary[77]
78,424 		0 (of 141) - - 23,043
(29.38%) 		8,948
(11.41%) 		10,048 WI
(12.81%) 		36,385
(46.40%)
Oregon
Primary[78]
367,204 		39 (of 39) 26 Del.
208,693
(56.83%) 		13 Del.
114,651
(31.22%) 		34,409
(9.37%) 		- 9,451 WI
(2.57%) 		-
Utah
Caucuses[79]
3,760 		0 (of 20) 1,779
(47.31%) 		876
(23.30%) 		- - - 1,105
(29.39%)
May 24 Arizona
State Convention[80] 		22 (of 22) 13 Del. 16 Del. - - - -
Delaware
State Convention[81] 		14 (of 14) 10 Del. 4 Del. - - - -
Vermont
State Convention[82] 		12 (of 12) 5 Del. 7 Del. - - - -
May 27 Arkansas
Primary[83][84]
448,290 		33 (of 33) 23 Del.
269,375
(60.09%) 		5 Del.
78,542
(17.52%) 		- - 19,469 [ae]
(4.34%) 		5 Del.
80,904
(18.05%)
Idaho
Primary[85]
50,482 		0 (of 20) 31,383
(62.17%) 		11,087
(21.96%) 		2,078
(4.12%) 		- - 5,934
(11.76%)
Kentucky
Primary[86]
240,331 		50 (of 50) 38 Del.
160,819
(66.92%) 		12 Del.
55,167
(22.96%) 		- - 5,126 [af]
(2.13%) 		19,219
(8.00%)
Nevada
Primary[87]
66,948 		12 (of 12) 5 Del.
25,159
(37.58%) 		3 Del.
19,296
(28.82%) 		- - - 4 Del.
22,493
(33.60%)
May 30 Hawaii
State Convention[88] 		19 (of 19) 15 Del. 4 Del. - - - -
May 31 Colorado
District Conventions[ag][89] 		6 (of 40) 3 Del. 2 Del. - - - 1 Del.
June 3 California
Primary[90]
3,363,969 		298 (of 298) 137 Del.
1,266,276
(37.64%) 		167 Del.
1,507,142
(44.80%) 		135,962
(4.04%) 		71,779
(2.13%) 		51 WI
(0.00%) 		382,759
(11.38%)
Missouri
District Conventions[ah][91] 		53 (of 77) 40 Del. 5 Del. - - - 8 Del.
Montana
Primary[92]
130,059 		19 (of 19) 10 Del.
66,922
(51.46%) 		9 Del.
47,671
(36.65%) 		- - - 15,466
(11.89%)
New Jersey
Pres. Primary[93]
277,977 		113 (of 113) 45 Del.
212,387
(37.87%) 		68 Del.
315,109
(56.18%) 		- 13,913
(2.48%) 		- 19,499
(3.48%)
New Mexico
Primary[94]
159,364 		20 (of 20) 10 Del.
66,621
(41.80%) 		10 Del.
73,721
(46.26%) 		- 4,798
(3.01%) 		4,490[ai]
(2.82%) 		9,734
(6.11%)
Ohio
Primary[95]
1,186,410 		161 (of 161) 84 Del.
605,744
(51.06%) 		77 Del.
523,874
(44.16%) 		- 35,268
(2.97%) 		21,524
(1.81%) 		-
Rhode Island
Primary[96]
38,327 		23 (of 23) 6 Del.
9,907
(25.85%) 		17 Del.
26,179
(68.30%) 		310
(0.81%) 		1,160
(3.03%) 		- 771
(2.01%)
South Dakota
Primary[97]
68,763 		19 (of 19) 9 Del.
31,251
(45.45%) 		10 Del.
33,418
(48.60%) 		- - - 4,094
(5.95%)
West Virginia
Primary[98]
317,934 		32 (of 32) 24 Del.
197,687
(62.18%) 		8 Del.
120,247
(37.82%) 		- - - -
June 7 Minnesota
State Convention[99] 		24 (of 75) 12 Del. 7 Del. - - - 5 Del.
June 8 North Dakota
State Convention[100] 		14 (of 14) 7 Del. 5 Del. - - - 2 Del.
June 14 Colorado
State Convention[101] 		13 (of 40) 6 Del. 4 Del. - - - 3 Del.
Colorado
District Conventions[aj][ak][102] 		21 (of 40) 11 Del. 8 Del. - - - 2 Del.
Iowa
State Convention[103] 		16 (of 50) 10 Del. 6 Del. - - - -
Missouri
State Convention[104] 		24 (of 77) 17 Del. - - - - 7 Del.
Washington
State Convention[105] 		58 (of 58) 36 Del. 21 Del. - - - 1 Del.
June 21 Texas
State Convention[106] 		152 (of 152) 104 Del. 38 Del. - - - 10 Del.
July 12 Utah
State Convention[107]
3,760 		20 (of 20) 10 Del. 4 Del. - - - 6 Del.
3,315 delegates
19,649,458 votes 		1,979.61
10,043,016
(51.11%) 		1,229.83
7,381,693
(37.57%) 		1
575,296
(2.93%) 		0
177,784
(0.91%) 		0
183,246
(0.93%) 		96.56
1,288,423
(6.56%)

Endorsements[edit]

Jimmy Carter
U.S. Senators
Federal Officials
Governors
State Officials
Municipal Officials
Individuals
Ted Kennedy
U.S. Senators
House of Representatives
Governors
State Officials
Municipal Officials
Party Officials
Labor Unions
Individuals
Jerry Brown
Individuals

Convention[edit]

Main article: 1980 Democratic National Convention

Presidential tally[122]

In the vice-presidential roll call, Mondale was re-nominated with 2,428.7 votes to 723.3 not voting and 179 scattering.

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ This is an estimate provided by the source.
  2. ^ This is an estimate provided by the source.
  3. ^ This should not be taken as a finalized list of results. While a significant amount of research was done, there were a number of Delegates who were not bound by the instruction, or "Pledged" to a candidate, and to simplify the data these delegates were considered "Uncommitted". Some states also held primaries for the delegate positions, and these on occasion were where slates or candidates pledge to a certain candidate might be elected; however, as these elections allowed for a single person to vote for multiple candidates, as many as the number of positions being filled, it is difficult to determine how many people actually voted in these primaries. For this reason, while the results of some are in the table, they are not included in the popular vote summaries at the bottom of the table.
  4. ^ Three percent of the precincts had not yet reported their results in the source used.
  5. ^ 20 communities of 503 had not yet reported their results in the source used.
  6. ^ Only 98 of 100 precincts were tallied in the source, and only by percentages.
  7. ^ Only 57% of the seats were decided in the source.
  8. ^ Includes 1,378 votes (0.36%) for Cliff Finch, 513 votes (0.13%) for Lyndon LaRouche.
  9. ^ Only 82% of the precincts were called in the source. The number of delegates elected was also unclear.
  10. ^ Only 63% of the delegate selections were given in the source, and only by percentages.
  11. ^ Only 1,079 of 1,629 precincts were called in the source.
  12. ^ Only 90% of meetings were accounted for in the source.
  13. ^ Only 37 of 45 counties were called in the source.
  14. ^ Includes 629 votes (0.32%) for Cliff Finch.
  15. ^ Includes 1,842 votes (0.29%) for Cliff Finch.
  16. ^ Includes 11,153 votes (3.11%) for Cliff Finch.
  17. ^ 8 polling places out of 84 had not yet reported their results in the source used.
  18. ^ Includes 5 votes (0.03%) for Cliff Finch.
  19. ^ Only 37 of 45 counties were called in the source.
  20. ^ Only five of ten districts held conventions on this date.
  21. ^ Delegates were actually picked later at the State Convention on June 28th, but no source around that time specifies this.
  22. ^ Only three of eight districts held conventions on this date.
  23. ^ Only four of ten districts held conventions on this date.
  24. ^ Results only for 1,144 of the 1,535 Delegates were accounted for in the source.
  25. ^ Only five of eight districts held conventions on this date.
  26. ^ Only one of ten districts held conventions on this date.
  27. ^ With only 65% of precincts tallied, no vote beyond percentages.
  28. ^ Includes 1,663 votes (0.56%) for Cliff Finch.
  29. ^ Results only for 2,387 of the 3,900 Delegates were accounted for in the source.
  30. ^ All votes for Cliff Finch.
  31. ^ All votes for Cliff Finch.
  32. ^ Includes 2,517 votes (1.05%) for Cliff Finch.
  33. ^ Only one of five districts held conventions on this date.
  34. ^ All ten districts held conventions on this date.
  35. ^ All votes for Cliff Finch.
  36. ^ Only four of five districts held conventions on this date.
  37. ^ This is an assumption; no sources were found for the other District Conventions, but they occurred sometime before or during the State Convention.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "DISENCHANTED". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. July 1, 1980. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
  2. ^ "DISENCHANTED". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. July 1, 1980. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
  3. ^ Bickerton, James (March 7, 2024). "Joe Biden is first incumbent president to lose a primary in 44 years". Newsweek. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
  4. ^ Kalb, Deborah (2015). GUIDE TO U.S. ELECTIONS. CQ Press. ISBN 9781483380384 – via Google Books. In 1980 a then-record thirty-seven primaries (including those in the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico) provided more opportunity for mass participation in the nominating process than ever before.
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  58. ^ "IT'S A DEM STAND-OFF IN MICHIGAN". Detroit Free Press. Detroit, Michigan. April 27, 1980. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
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  66. ^ "CARTER, REAGAN WITHIN 200 DELEGATES OF VICTORY". The Dispatch. Moline, Illinois. May 7, 1980. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
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Further reading[edit]

  • Norrander, Barbara (1986). "Correlates of Vote Choice in the 1980 Presidential Primaries". Journal of Politics. 48 (1): 156–166. doi:10.2307/2130931. JSTOR 2130931. S2CID 143610156.
  • Southwell, Priscilla L. (1986). "The Politics of Disgruntlement: Nonvoting and Defection among Supporters of Nomination Losers, 1968–1984". Political Behavior. 8 (1): 81–95. doi:10.1007/BF00987593. S2CID 154450840.
  • Stanley, Timothy (2010). Kennedy vs. Carter: The 1980 Battle for the Democratic Party's Soul. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-1702-9.
  • Stone, Walter J. (1984). "Prenomination Candidate Choice and General Election Behavior: Iowa Presidential Activists in 1980". American Journal of Political Science. 28 (2): 361–378. doi:10.2307/2110877. JSTOR 2110877.
  • Ward, Jon (2019). Camelot's End : Kennedy vs. Carter and the Fight that Broke the Democratic Party. New York: Twelve. ISBN 978-1-4555-9138-1.
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